“Be Thou an Example of the Believers” Part 1

CFM: October 23–29

1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon

Videos and Podcasts

Video/ Podcast	​Lesson Extension	​Additional Materials
Scripture Central	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon	Study Guide
Follow Him	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon Part 1, Part 2	Transcripts
Line Upon Line	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon
Teaching with Power	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon
Don't Miss This	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon
​CFM New Testament	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon
​Unshaken	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon (Part 1, Part 2)
​The Interpreter Foundation	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon	​Study helps by Jonn Claybaugh
​Teaching Helps with John Hilton	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon
​Ponderfun	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon (not yet posted)
​Talking Scripture	1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon	Show Notes
​Hurricane Utah Adult Religion Class, New Testament	The Epistles of Paul, 1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon: Notes, Slides, Handout arnt26_presentation .ppsx Download PPSX • 2.11MB

Resources and Insights about this Week's Lesson

Ongoing Debates Regarding Authenticity

The authorship of the Pastoral Epistles, including 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon has been a subject of scholarly debate for centuries. While some scholars believe that the apostle Paul wrote these letters, there is a significant body of academic opinion that questions Pauline authorship. The prevailing theories regarding authorship are as follows:

1.Traditional Pauline Authorship: Many traditional and conservative scholars maintain that Paul wrote 1 Timothy and 2 Timothy. They argue that the language, style, and content of these letters are consistent with Paul's other authentic writings. These scholars often point to the internal claims of authorship within the letters.

2. Pseudonymous Authorship: Some scholars argue that the Pastoral Epistles are pseudonymous, meaning they were written by someone other than Paul but attributed to him. This theory suggests that a later Christian writer, possibly from the Pauline tradition, composed these letters in Paul's name to address issues in the early church.

3. Deutero-Pauline Authorship: Another theory is that these letters were written by a disciple or follower of Paul, sometimes referred to as a "Deutero-Pauline" author. Proponents of this theory believe that these writers were influenced by Paul's teachings and sought to carry on his legacy, writing in his style.

The debate over authorship is complex and ongoing, and scholars often consider factors such as linguistic differences from Paul's other letters, the theological developments in these letters, and historical context to argue for or against Pauline authorship.

While there is no consensus on the issue, it's essential to note that both conservative and critical scholars continue to engage in scholarly dialogue about the authorship of the Pastoral Epistles, with some scholars being more inclined to accept Pauline authorship while others are more skeptical. The prevailing theories and opinions may vary among scholars and schools of thought.

Overview:

Due to the amount of material we are covering this week, I've adapted the format of this lesson a bit from previous lessons. For this lesson, some information will be included for each section, prior to the the summarary. This section includes the accounts on 1st & 2nd Timothy, and the next section covers Titus & Philemon.

The videos and resources listed below provide excellent overviews of the books and figures we are studying in this lesson. It's important to note that many of these videos are not affiliated with the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. Still, they do a commendable job of condensing and presenting the information within its historical context in an approachable manner. These videos have been selected because they help to present the bigger picture of Paul's message, and from this broader view, it is easier to dive into the individual parts of Paul's letters, with the appropriate context in mind. While there might be some slight variations in how certain passages and principles are interpreted by our friends outside of the Church, it's crucial to approach these differences with understanding and goodwill. Keep in mind that other faiths lack the additional resources we have, such as the Book of Mormon and modern-day Prophets and Apostles, to clarify some of the more complex issues. Embracing these differences in interpretation can help us better appreciate the unique blessings we have as members of the Church because we have access to continuing modern revelation. Additionally, these insights can help us to better understand and appreciate the commonalities and differences in our perspectives compared to our friends outside of the Church. Hopefully, when we approach these topics in a positive way, it will help us to better develop and foster respectful relationships with those of different faiths.

• Bible Project: Book of 1 Timothy: A Complete Animated Overview

• Bible Project: Book of 2 Timothy Summary: A Complete Animated Overview

• Eyewitness Bible Series: Acts Episode 14 - Introduction to Timothy

• Eyewitness Bible Series: 1 Timothy - from the perspective of Apollos

• The Bible Effect:1 & 2 Timothy Historical Background

1 Timothy the first of several pastoral letters written by the apostle Paul to various leader of the early church. Timothy was a trusted disciple and coworker in Paul's ministry and played a significant role in the early Christian church.

Paul first met Timothy during his second missionary journey, which took place in the early 50s AD. Timothy is mentioned in Acts 16:1-3, which describes their initial meeting in the city of Lystra. Timothy was from Lystra, a city in the Phrygian and Galatian region of Lycaonia, which is located in modern-day Turkey (map).

Significant events and information about Timothy's involvement include:

1. Circumcision of Timothy: Acts 16:3 records that Paul had Timothy circumcised because of his Jewish heritage. This decision was made to facilitate Timothy's acceptance among the Jewish communities they would visit during their missionary journeys.

2. Timothy's Family: Timothy had a Jewish mother named Eunice and a Greek father. His grandmother, Lois, is also mentioned. These family members are noted for their strong faith and influence on Timothy's upbringing.

3. Accompanying Paul: Timothy became a close companion and coworker with Paul in his missionary endeavors. He traveled with Paul on various journeys, supporting him in his ministry.

4. Ephesus: Timothy was closely associated with the city of Ephesus. He is mentioned in the opening of the letter to the Ephesians (Ephesians 1:1) and is known to have been significantly involved in ministry there.

Other New Testament passages where Timothy is mentioned include:

• Acts 17:14-15: Timothy is mentioned as being left behind in Berea while Paul and Silas continued to Athens.

• Romans 16:21: Paul refers to Timothy as his coworker in the closing of his letter to the Romans.

• 1 Corinthians 4:17: Paul mentions Timothy as his beloved and faithful son who would remind the Corinthians of his ways in Christ.

• 2 Corinthians 1:1: Timothy is mentioned in the introduction of Paul's second letter to the Corinthians.

• Philippians 1:1: Timothy is included in the greeting of the letter to the Philippians.

• Colossians 1:1: Timothy is mentioned in the introduction of the letter to the Colossians.

• 1 Thessalonians 3:2: Paul sent Timothy to the Thessalonians to strengthen and encourage them in their faith.

• Philemon 1:1: Timothy is included in the greeting of the letter to Philemon.

• Hebrews 13:23: The author of Hebrews (traditionally attributed to Paul) mentions Timothy's release from prison and his future visit.

Timothy played a significant role in Paul's ministry and was entrusted with various responsibilities, making him a notable figure in the early Christian church.

1 Timothy 1

The first chapter of 1 Timothy introduces several important themes, including the importance of sound doctrine, the avoidance of false teaching, the transformative power of God's mercy, and the charge to uphold faith with a clear conscience. These themes set the tone for the letter and provide guidance for Timothy in his role as a church overseer.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
1 Timothy 1			​INT
​Verses 1-2	​Greetings and Salutations	​​Verses 1-2: Paul addresses his epistle to Timothy, whom he regards as a son.
​Verses 3-4	The Importance of Sound Doctrine	Verses 3-4: Paul instructs Timothy to caution against spreading false doctrines or myths, translated as fables in the KJV. He advises them to avoid getting caught up in complex and never-ending genealogies that some were using in an attempt to legitimize their authority and dominance over others (Topics of יָחַשׂ were very significant during the 2nd Temple Period). These contentious topics and pursuits were causing disagreements, diverting attention from the central message of the Gospel, and creating additional confusion instead of contributing to the spiritual growth and understanding of the congregation.	​Early Christian Schisms (Part 1)
​Verses 5-7	​The Goal of Christian Teaching	​Verses 5-7: Paul explains that charity is the goal of Christian teaching. Charity is love that flows from a pure heart, good conscience, and sincere faith. He mentions that some have swerved from these principles, turning to vain and fruitless arguments.
​Verse 8-11	The law is good when employed righteously, yet it is corruptible	​Verses 8: The law is a force for good when people use it righteously, yet it can be easily perverted for selfish and nefarious ends. Verses 9-11: In the Greek, Paul explains that God's law fundamentally differs from man's laws. Man's laws are made to rule the lawless, the disobedient, the sinners, the profane, murderers, whoremongerers, rapists, thieves, liars, and those that will not heed sound doctrine. God's Law, on the other hand, is for the righteous. The Gospel is a blessing of his glory and indicates a commitment of trust between God and those who receive it.
​Verses 12-17	​Paul's Personal Transformation	​Verses 12-17: Paul exclaims his gratitude for receiving these blessings through Christ, who enabled him and counted him as faithful, putting him into the ministry. Paul shares his personal experiences and testimony, emphasizing how he was once a blasphemer and persecutor of the church but received mercy from the Lord. Paul points out that his experience serves as a pattern for all sinners, as it demonstrates God's patience and mercy in addition to the potential for redemption through the transformative power of his Atonement. Paul closes this theme by praising Jesus as the Eternal King, immortal, incorruptible, invisible, and the solo wise God.
Verses 18-20​	​The Charge to Timothy	​Verses 18-20: Paul charges and commits Timothy to fulfill the prophecies made about him, to engage in the "good warfare, strategy," and to maintain faith with a good conscience. He mentions that some, like Hymenaeus and Alexander, have shipwrecked their faith and been handed over to Satan.

1 Timothy 2

Chapter 2 of 1 Timothy continues to address essential aspects of Christian living and church conduct. Paul emphasizes the importance of prayer and intercession for all people, including those in authority, with a focus on leading peaceful and quiet lives. He also discusses the role of women in public worship, advocating for modesty and good works. This chapter encourages prayer, tranquility, and orderly worship within the Christian community.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
​1 Timothy 2			​INT
Verses 1-4	Prayers and Intercession for All	​Verses 1-2: Paul urges that supplications, prayers, intercessions, and thanksgivings be made for all people, including kings and those in positions of authority. The purpose of these prayers is to help us lead with godliness and honesty so that we can all live a peaceful and quiet life. Verses 3-4: Paul states that this is good and acceptable to God, who desires all people to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth.
​Verses 5-6	​Jesus Christ the human Mediator between God and Man	​Verse 5-6: Paul explains that Jesus Christ is the human Mediator between God and mankind. He gave himself as a ransom כֹּפֶר for all; this would be testified in due time.
​Verses 7-8	​Paul explains his role as an ordained Preacher, apostle, and teacher	Verses 7-8: Paul explains the importance of maintaining his integrity because his duties as an ordained preacher, apostle, and teacher rely on trust. People need to know that he is faithful and true. Paul prays for strength, for people everywhere to lift up holy hands, apart from wrath and doubt	​The Power of Sustaining Faith
​Verses 9-15	The Importance of Educating Women as examples of ​Modesty, Honor, Faith, Charity, Peace, and Temperance	​Verses 9-10: Paul uses women as an example, comparing his role as an apostle to the role women play in society. He expresses that women are expected to demonstrate modesty, honor, and sobriety (self-control, soundness of mind) in their appearance and behaviors. Women who prioritize good works over elaborate hairstyles or jewelry demonstrate their reverence to God as a testimony of their nature. Verses 11-15: Paul addresses the role of women in learning. This is translated in the KJV as "Let the woman learn in silence with all subjugation." However, there is an alternative translation for this passage from the Greek. In Greek, this could be interpreted as "Let the women learn in peace, with all things in order. But teach a woman; this is not a license for a woman to usurp the authority of a man, but to be at peace." Paul then accounts the story of Adam and Eve, explaining that Eve was deceived. Lucifer intentionally went around Adam to target her. The word for transgression in Greek is parabainō; it means to sidestep or walk around. Paul explains that it is, therefore, necessary for women to be educated in the gospel because women are the ones who bear, rear, and teach their children principles of faith, charity, holiness, and sobriety.	​The Moral Force of Women

1 Timothy 3

Chapter 3 of 1 Timothy focuses on the qualifications and characteristics of overseers (Bishops) and Deacons within the church. Paul provides a detailed list of attributes and expectations for those who hold leadership roles, emphasizing qualities like moral integrity, self-control, and a good reputation. The chapter underscores the importance of leadership within the Christian community and the need for leaders to be examples of faith and godly living.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
1 Timothy 3			​INT
​Verses 1-7	​Qualifications for Overseers (Bishops)	Verses 1-2: Paul begins by stating that desiring the office of a bishop is a noble task, but this is a tough job. Paul outlines the qualifications for a bishop, which include being above reproach, a vigilant husband to one wife, self-controlled, modest, respectable, hospitable, and able to teach. Verses 3-7: Paul continues the list of qualifications, emphasizing that bishops should abstain from wine. They should not be quick-tempered or greedy. They should be patient, not quarrelsome or materialistic, and they should manage their own households well, having things in order while maintaining appropriate priorities. Paul explains that if a man cannot be trusted to protect and care for his home and family, how is he supposed to preside over the Church? A potential bishop should have experience, explaining that novices frequently have a higher tendency to be lifted up with pride, and that could lead to condemnation. Paul explains that Bishops should also have a good reputation among outsiders.
​Verses 8-13	Qualifications for Deacons ​	Verses 8-10: Paul lists the qualifications for Deacons (Ministers, Servants). Deacons are servants of The King, and by virtue of their office, they should take it very seriously, and be dignified as his representatives. They should not be double-tongued, they should abstain from wine and greed. They should hold the mystery of the faith (this is frequently a phrase used to describe the sacrament) with a clear conscience. They should be proved first and found blameless. Verses 11-13: Paul mentions that deacon's wives should also be dignified and faithful. They should not be slanderers and should be temperate and faithful in all things. They should preside with their husbands in managing their households.
​Verses 14-16	​The Church as the Household of God	Verses 14-16: Paul explains that he is writing these instructions in the hope that Timothy knows how people ought to behave in the household/ family of God, which is the church. The Family is the living pillar and buttress of truth. Without a doubt, this is the great mystery of godliness: which was manifested by God in the flesh, justified by the Spirit, seen by angels, proclaimed among the nations, believed on in the world, and received in glory.

1 Timothy 4

Paul warns of the latter day apostasy. These chapter addresses the importance of sound doctrine, warnings against false teachings and asceticism (religious extremism), and he encourages the saints to be faithful and good ministers of Christ. Paul emphasizes the need to reject deceptive teachings, to nourish oneself with the words of faith, and to train in godliness. He instructs Timothy to set an example for the believers in speech, conduct, love, faith, and purity.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
1 Timothy 4			​INT
​Verses 1-6	​The Importance of Sound Doctrine (ὑγιαίνω)	Verses 1-2: Paul warns that in later times (Last Days), some will depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing (corrupt/misleading) spirits and doctrines of devils. Such teachings are propagated by hypocritical liars (disingenuine actors) whose consciences are seared with hot irons (branded by sin, propaganda, cauterized, and cut off; kaustēriazō is the root for castrated). Verses 3-5: Paul gives examples of these types of extreme doctrines that were circulating at his time. He denounces those who forbid marriage and those who command others to abstain from certain meats (foods ceremonial and otherwise). He explains that every creature created by God is good, and nothing should be refused, but it should be received with thanksgiving and used in wisdom. Verse 6: Paul encourages Timothy to be a good minister of Jesus Christ and to encourage the saints to remember these nourishing words of faith and good doctrine.
​Verses 7-10	​Training in Godliness	Verses 7-9: Paul counsels the saints to refuse profane (common, worldly, and unsubstantiated) fables and silly/ misinformed gossip/hearsay/myths. He underscores the value of working to train and exercise one's self in godliness (respect & reverence), emphasizing that this process is profitable and holds promise for the present life and the life to come. He contrasts this with the futility of bodily exercise in comparison to spiritual growth. Verse 10: Paul states that they labor and suffer reproach because they have put their trust in the living God, who is the Savior of all people, especially those who believe.
​Verses 11-16	​Setting an Example in Conduct	Verses 11-12: Paul comforts Timothy and instructs him to teach these things to believers through his example in speech, conversations, and conduct, as he demonstrates charity, faith, and purity. Verses 13-16: Paul encourages Timothy not to neglect his studies. He encourages Timothy to practice and immerse himself in his reading, his public speaking skills, and his doctrinal studies. He emphasizes the importance of not neglecting these gifts that he received through prophecy. Paul explains that Timothy's progress will not only be personally beneficial, but it will benefit those he comes in contact with as he serves the elders (presbytery) and the people. He is counseled to meditate upon these things and to give heed to them and the doctrine. This will not only save him, but it will save others that hear him.

1 Timothy 5

Chapter 5 provides practical instructions and guidance for the treatment of various groups within the church community, including widows, elders, and younger believers. Paul addresses the importance of showing respect, care, and support to different members of the Christian community. He also emphasizes the principles of fairness, responsibility, and accountability in church matters.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
1 Timothy 5			​INT
​​Verses 1-2	Honoring Community	​Verses 1-2: Paul counsels Timothy to treat men and women respectfully, to invite them as fathers, brethren, mothers, and sisters.
​Verses 3-16	​Treatment of Widows	​Verses 3-4: Paul introduces the responsibility of the church to support widows who are in need, especially those who are left alone with no family to care for them. If there is family available, the widows should first turn to them and then to the church. Verses 5-8: Paul provides guidelines for identifying widows who should be supported by the church. He mentions that younger widows should try to remarry to maintain their households. Widows should not just take from others and live in luxury, but their families should not be negligent either. Paul states that those who neglect these duties and deny their own are worse than the infidels (apostates). Verses 9-10: Paul lists qualifications for widows who should be enrolled for support; these should include women with reputations for good works. They should be women who raised children, demonstrated hospitality, and helped those in need need and distress. Verses 11-16: Paul advises against enrolling younger widows, counseling that idleness may lead to undesired results and be detrimental to them, their families, and their community. He encourages younger widows to remarry, bear children, and guide their households. Once again, the English translations of these verses are frequently interpreted as demeaning and offensive to women, and they have historically been misused that way. However, these interpretations do not do justice to what Paul actually said. His words in Greek reflect a genuine concern for these women. He does not want them wandering about, from house to house, feeling alone and useless. The word translated as "tattler," φλύαρος, means "vain" or "to occupy oneself with things of lesser value." The term περίεργοι is translated as "busybody," but the Greek word indicates one who neglects the more important matters for things that are superfluous and of lesser value. Paul doesn't want these women to feel cheated, bitter, and resentful. He wants these women to be happy and to find joy, purpose, and fulfillment.
​Verses 17-25	​Treatment of Elders	Verses 17-18: Paul discusses the support and honor due to elders who preside and provide well, especially those who labor in preaching and teaching. He cites the saying, " Don't muzzle the ox that treads the corn; the laborer is worthy of his reward." Verses 19-21: Paul instructs Timothy not to entertain accusations against an elder without evidence from two or three witnesses. He also urges impartiality and fairness in church discipline. Verses 22-25: Paul concludes the chapter with instructions to keep the peace. No elder should be involved in physically laying hands (assaulting or abusing) anyone. Nor should one be set apart who is not worthy. Elders should not become partners/ partakers in such behaviors by taking upon themselves other men's sins. They should keep themselves pure and spotless (James 1:22-27, 3:7). Paul counsels Timothy against being hasty in recognizing someone as an elder. He encourages Timothy to consider the character and works of individuals. Elders should refrain from alcohol, only using it sparingly for medicinal use. They should be honest, open, exercise good judgment, and they should not be easily swayed by others. They should manifest good works and not be covering things up.

1 Timothy 6

Chapter 6 concludes the letter with further instructions for Christian conduct, especially in relation to wealth, contentment, and the pursuit of godliness. Paul highlights the dangers of the love of money, encourages contentment, and charges Timothy to fight the good fight of faith. The chapter underscores the importance of avoiding the snare of materialism and holding fast to the Gospel.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
1 Timothy 6			​INT
Verses 1-10	​Contentment and the Love of Money	Verses 1-2: Paul provides instructions for how servants (voluntary or involuntary workers) should regard their masters, especially if their masters are believers. He emphasizes that slaves should serve faithfully, knowing that their service benefits believers and is a reflection of God's name. Verses 3-5: Paul warns against those who teach otherwise and have an unhealthy craving for controversy and quarrels. He cautions against the influence of those who think godliness is a means of financial gain. Verses 6-10: Paul emphasizes the value of contentment and how when it is partnered with godliness, it is a great gain/acquisition. Paul warns against the love of money, which can lead to temptation, traps, lust, hurt, and foolishness, causing people to drown in ruin, destruction, and perdition. The chapter includes the famous verse, "For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils" (vs. 10), and the principle that "You Can't Take It With You" (vs. 7).
​Verses 11-16	​Fight the Good Fight of Faith	Verses 11-12: Paul charges Timothy to pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, steadfastness, patience, meekness, and gentleness. He encourages Timothy to "fight the good fight of the faith" and take hold of the eternal life to which he was called. Verses 13-16: Paul solemnly charges Timothy before God and Christ Jesus to keep the commandment and to remain unstained until the appearance of the Lord Jesus Christ. He praises God, the blessed and only Sovereign, for His eternal rule and glory. He says that no man can fully see, understand, perceive, comprehend, and appreciate everything that Christ is and represents. Nor can they fully comprehend the eternal nature of his everlasting dominion.
​Verses 17-21	​Final Exhortations and Warnings	Verses 17-19: Paul counsels the wealthy not to be prideful, urging them to place their trust in God rather than in uncertain riches. He advises a spirit of generosity, advocating the building of a financial reserve while simultaneously establishing a firm foundation for eternal life. By clinging to God's promises of everlasting life, one can intentionally collect spiritual treasures along the way. Verses 20-21: Paul's closing message to Timothy is a firm charge to safeguard the precious truths committed to his trust. He emphasizes the importance of avoiding empty and unholy debates propagated by those who promote questionable pseudo-sciences.

2nd Timothy

2 Timothy is traditionally believed to have been composed during Paul's second Roman imprisonment. It is one of the Pastoral Epistles, along with 1 Timothy and Titus. The traditional date for the writing of 2 Timothy is around AD 67-68, shortly before Paul's martyrdom.

The context of 2 Timothy is particularly significant because it's the last known letter that Paul wrote before his execution. The letter serves as a personal and heartfelt communication to Timothy, who was a close friend and disciple of Paul. Paul wrote to Timothy from prison, facing imminent death, and he referred to his impending "departure" or "being poured out as a drink offering" (2 Timothy 4:6).

In this context, the letter contains both personal words of encouragement and exhortation to Timothy and broader instructions related to the ministry and the Christian faith. Paul urges Timothy to remain faithful, to guard the deposit of the Gospel, and to continue the work of ministry. He also mentions individuals who had abandoned him, such as Phygelus and Hermogenes, and he expresses appreciation for the support and loyalty of Onesiphorus.

Overall, 2 Timothy is a poignant and inspirational letter that reflects Paul's unwavering faith and commitment to the Gospel, even in the face of imminent death, and it offers valuable guidance and encouragement to Timothy as he carries on the work of the ministry.

2 Timothy 1

2 Timothy 1 is replete with themes of faith, encouragement, and the passing on of the apostolic ministry. Paul expresses deep gratitude for Timothy's genuine faith and encourages him to fan into flame the gift of God. Despite Paul's imprisonment, he underscores the enduring nature of God's power and love, charging Timothy to hold fast to the sound teaching he received.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
​2 Timothy 1			​INT
​Verses 1-5	​Encouragement and Gratitude for Timothy	Verses 1-5: The chapter opens with Paul's greeting to Timothy, whom he addresses as his "beloved son." Paul shares that he has remembered Timothy in his prayers continuously, and he expresses his gratitude for Timothy's genuine faith. Paul recalls Timothy's grandmother, Lois, and his mother Eunice, and he attributes Timothy's unfeigned faith to their influence. Verses 3-5: Paul recalls the sincere faith that dwells in Timothy and encourages him to remember the spiritual gift he received through the laying on of Paul's hands. He commends Timothy's faith and that of his family.
​Verses 6-7	​Fan into Flame the Gift of God	​Verses 6-7: Paul urges Timothy to remember the spiritual gift he stirred up when he laid his hands upon Paul to give him a blessing. He recalled that this gift was not of fear but of power, love, and a sound mind. Paul encourages Timothy to "fan the flame" and magnify these gifts of God.
​Verses 8-12	​The Power of God's Call	Verses 8-9: Paul reminds Timothy not to be ashamed of the testimony of the Lord or of Paul, who was a prisoner for the Gospel, but to be a partaker of the affliction according to the power of God. In other words, Paul is telling Timothy to draw upon the Lord's strength in his times of weakness. Paul emphasizes that God has saved us and called us to a holy calling, not because of our works but because of His purpose and grace. He knows what we need and he understands the eternal plan that was given to us before time, before the world began. Verses 10-12: Paul speaks of the manifestation and appearance of Christ, who abolished death and brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel. Despite his suffering, Paul is not ashamed, as he knows in whom he has believed and is persuaded that God is able to guard what he has entrusted to Him until that day.
​Verses 13-14	​Hold to the Sound Teaching	​Verses 13-14: Paul exhorts Timothy to hold to the sound words he has heard/received with the help of the Holy Spirit. He cautions against swerving from the truth and emphasizes the importance of guarding the good things entrusted to him.
​Verses 15-18	​Examples of Faithfulness	Verses 15-18: Paul recounts that some have turned away from him, mentioning two individuals by name, Phygelus and Hermogenes. On the other hand, he commends others who continue to support him, naming the house of Onesiphorus for their frequent and refreshing visits and support during Paul's imprisonment.

2 Timothy 2

Paul continues the letter's exhortations and instructions from the apostle Paul to Timothy. Paul emphasizes the qualities of a faithful minister, encourages perseverance in the face of suffering, and addresses matters related to doctrine and division within the church. He also highlights the need for believers to live in a way that pleases the Lord.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
​2 Timothy 2			​INT
​Verses 1-7	Qualities of a Faithful Minister	Verses 1-2: Paul encourages Timothy to be strong in the grace of Christ and to teach what he has learned to faithful witnesses who will, in turn, teach others. This reflects the idea of passing on the Christian message through a chain of trustworthy disciples. Verses 3-7: Paul uses the analogies of a soldier at war, an athlete competing for mastery, and a hardworking farmer partaking in his fruits to illustrate the kinds of qualities that a faithful minister should possess: endurance, discipline, hard work, and sacrifice.
​Verses 8-13	​Remember Jesus Christ	Verses 8-9: Paul highlights the pivotal role of Jesus Christ, underscoring His Davidic lineage and triumphant resurrection, which align with the divine plan of the Gospel. Paul expresses his aspiration to emulate Christ, likening his journey as a follower of Christ to that of a soldier, athlete, or farmer who follows a specific path to attain their career goals. In this context, Paul draws a parallel: just as the sinless Christ was willing to suffer for the sins of the world, Paul should be willing to follow the example of his master and suffer too. Paul acknowledges his own past wrongdoings as "an evildoer," and explains that he deserves to be bound, according to the Law, and he stands prepared to endure any degree of suffering. However, he also points to Christ's promise to save him, emphasizing that Christ, who has satisfied the demands of the law, is no longer bound by it. He purchased it through His Atoning sacrifice, and as the owner, he has the rights and legal authority to modify it: to expand, clarify, and enforce it as he sees fit. He also has the authority to extend mercy or justice to whomever he chooses. Christ has given His word to extend salvation to Paul and to all who will follow Him and abide by the terms and conditions he set, and he is bound to His word (D&C 82:10). Verses 10-13: Paul explains that he endures suffering for the sake of the elect, that they may also obtain salvation and eternal glory through Christ, explaining that if we die with Him, we shall also live with him. If we suffer with him, we shall also reign with him. However, if we deny him, he will also deny us. And if we don't believe in Him, it does not change his reality nor does it change his fidelity to us. He remains ever faithful, even if we do not. Paul counsels Timothy to help us remember these things.
​Verses 14-26	​A Worker Approved by God	Verses 14-19: Paul addresses issues related to false teaching and instructs Timothy to charge us to avoid quarreling over words that lead to subversion (catastrophe) and don't profit the hearers. He encourages diligent study and the accurate handling of the word of truth so that we won't have any need to be ashamed. He explains that profane and vain (empty) babblings cause us to spin in circles, increasing our ungodliness. Verses 20-21: Paul uses the analogy of vessels in a house, suggesting that some are expensive, such as gold and silver. Others are not costly and more utilitarian, made of wood and clay. Some of these items are used for honorable and sacred purposes; others are not. Paul urges believers to purge themselves from what is just stuff, things, and activities of little value, and to prioritize that which means the most, those people, tools, things, and deeds that can be prepared and sanctified for the Master's use and purposes. Verses 22-26: Paul advises Timothy to flee youthful and inferior passions/ lusts/desires and to earnestly engage in and seek righteousness, faith, charity, peace, gentleness, and patience. He also encourages Timothy to seek those who call on the Lord with a pure heart. He counsels Timothy to teach and correct those who oppose the truth with patience and to avoid foolish and ignorant questions that are intentionally asked to stir up contention. He highlights the role of God in granting repentance and the escape from the devil's snare.	​Joy and Spiritual Survival

2 Timothy 3

Chapter 3 contains a sober warning about the challenges and difficulties that Timothy and other believers will face in the last days. Paul emphasizes the importance of adhering to sound doctrine, avoiding false teachers, and continuing in the faith. He highlights the inspiration and usefulness of Scripture for teaching, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
​2 Timothy 3			​INT
​Verses 1-5	Challenges in the Last Days	​Verses 1-5: Paul begins by describing the characteristics of perilous times in the last days. He describes the nature of the people, that many will be covetous, proud, arrogant, lovers of self (narcissistic), lovers of money, empty pretenders (boasters), placing themselves above others (arrogant), disobedient and blasphemers to parents (earthly and heavenly), ungrateful, unholy, abusive (cruel - without natural affection), trucebreaker, false accusers, without self-control incontinent, fierce, despisers of good, heartless, traitors, heady (reckless), highminded, lovers of pleasure more than lovers of God.
​Verses 5-10	​False Appearances vs. Mental/ Moral Disability, Corruptibility & Addiction	​Paul explains that many will have the appearance of godliness but will deny/reject the power of God and will turn away from Him. He classifies these individuals as the sort of people who frequently look good on the outside but who are corrupt/depraved within. He uses the example of those who will secretly creep into selfish and immoral activities, such as exploiting weaker women through affairs, prostitution, assault, kidnapping, and sex trafficking. Paul describes these morally corrupt individuals as appearing to be intelligent, always learning, but they are never able to land on a knowledge of the truth; they resist it, corrupt it, and their stubbornness makes them reprobate concerning the faith. These prohibitive mentalities keep them from progressing. Paul uses the example of Jannes and Jambres, the magicians in Exodus 7:11-22 who abused their knowledge and position in Pharaoh's court to mislead and deceive the people. Paul instructs Timothy to use caution with such individuals, telling him that in time, these individuals will be seen by everyone, and their folly (madness, want of understanding, inability to express their mind, judgment, discernment, faculties, etc.) will be manifest, and "made clear." On the surface, one frequently perceives these examples as villains, which, in many cases, they are. However, it is interesting to dive into the Greek words that Paul uses to describe these individuals and situations. At one point, Paul was one of these villains, and the words he used in Greek are a bit different than the English translations. In English, these passages feel rather condemning. However, in Greek, there is a more compassionate undertone and empathy for those who "just don't get it." Paul's word choice indicates that while some intellectually choose evil and continuously sabotage themselves, others don't. Some struggle with involuntary or ignorant disconnects that keep them from being able to learn and move forward (disabilities, addictions, trauma, lack of education, resources, etc.) Paul's words, as they appear in Greek, are more hopeful. Paul says that in time, these people who struggle will be seen, and their deficiencies will be clearly manifest and understood. This does not just mean that they will be publicly exposed and shamed as deviants, as the English translations imply. But there is a softer side to the Greek representation that offers hope for those who struggle, those who are missing pieces, and those who frequently see the world through a cloudy and dark lens. Paul describes a light manifest at the end of the tunnel. Instead of turning away and giving up, those who choose Christ can find power and strength in Him as they adjust their focus, push forward, and acknowledge and embrace his power to guide and heal them, to help them find the way and make them whole. This was a perspective I did not expect to find embedded within these verses, but it is one that should be pointed out because it is powerful.
​Verses 10-17	​Continue in the Faith	Verses 10-12: Paul reminds Timothy that he does have a full faculty of knowledge. He has received the doctrine. He knows the manner in which he should live: a life with purpose, faith, patience, charity, and steadfast endurance. Paul encourages Timothy to continue in the faith, explaining that all who desire to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted and endure afflictions. After all, how else can one experience and appreciate the power of God's deliverance?
​Verses 13-17	​Scripture Power	​Verses 13-17: Paul underscores the importance of the sacred writings (Scripture), which are able to make one wise for salvation through faith in Christ. He highlights the inspiration of Scripture and its profitability for teaching, reproof, correction, and training in righteousness. He emphasizes that through the Scriptures, a person of God may be equipped for every good work. Additionally, they will be able to withstand the deceptions of evil men and seducers who will wax increasingly worse and worse in both deceiving and being deceived.

2 Timothy 4

Chapter 4 marks the conclusion of Paul's final letter to Timothy. Paul solemnly charges Timothy to fulfill his ministry, to preach the word, and to be ready in season and out of season. Paul anticipates his impending death and reflects on his life's work and the faith that has sustained him. He mentions both loyal friends and those who have abandoned him.

Scripture	Major Topics/ Themes	​Summary	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
​2 Timothy 4			​INT
​Verses 1-5	Preach the Word	Verses 1-2: As a witness of Christ, Timothy is charged with the responsibility to fulfill his ministry faithfully. Paul warns Timothy that he will be judged for his service when Christ returns. Paul urges Timothy to preach the word, being ready in an instant, at all times and in all places, to do so, both in season and out of season. (This could be a reference to the various seasonal festival observances; it could also be interpreted as being ready when it is convenient and inconvenient). Paul emphasizes the importance of continuous reproofs, rebukes, and exhortations that should be offered in the spirit of patience and teaching. Verses 3-4: Paul forewarns Timothy that a time will come when people will not endure sound doctrine but will accumulate tantalizing teachers and philosophies that suit their own desires and captivate their curiosity. This will cause many to turn away from the truth and turn towards myths. Verses 5: Paul advises Timothy to be watchful of all things, endure afflictions, do the work of an evangelist (good messenger/angel), and make full proof (the most he can) of his ministry.
​Verses 6-8	​Paul's Departure and Final Testimony	Verses 6-7: Paul acknowledges that his time is running out and his departure is at hand. He describes his life as a poured-out offering and a race that has finished its course. Paul declares that he has fought the good fight and kept the faith. He looks forward to the crown of righteousness that the Lord has prepared for him and will award to him on that day. Verse 8: Paul speaks of the righteous judge, the Lord, who will give the crown not only to him but also to all who have loved the Lord's appearing.
​Verses 9-18	​Paul's Friends and Deserters	Verses 9-13: Paul requests Timothy to do his best to come to him soon, explaining that Demas has deserted him, loving the present world. Only Luke remains with him. Paul mentions various individuals and communities who have helped him in his ministry. Verses 14-15: Paul charges Timothy to beware of Alexander the coppersmith, who did him great harm. He warns against his opposition to the faith. Verses 16-18: Paul mentions that at his first defense, no one came to stand by him, but the Lord stood by him and strengthened him. He is confident that he has been rescued from the lion's mouth, and he looks forward to the heavenly kingdom.
​Verses 19-22	​Final Greetings and Blessing	​Verses 19-22: Paul conveys greetings and final instructions to Timothy. He sends greetings to various individuals and prays that the Lord be with Timothy's spirit. He concludes with a benediction and a message of grace to Timothy.

Titus & Philemon continued in Part Two of this week's Material.

Church Videos & Resources

• Overcoming Challenges

• Trial of Adversity

• This Month in Come Follow Me

Scripture Central

• Study Guide

Reading Guide

1 and 2 Timothy; Titus; Philemon

Lynne Hilton Wilson, "1 and 2 Timothy; Philemon," Come Follow Me: The New Testament, 2019.

Background to the Pauline Epistles:

• Frank F. Judd Jr., “The Epistles of the Apostle Paul: An Overview,” in New Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament, ed. Lincoln H. Blumell (Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2019), 419-445.

• Nicholas J. Frederick, “The Life of the Apostle Paul: An Overview,” in New Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament, ed. Lincoln H. Blumell (Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2019), 393-418.

• Eric D. Huntsman, “The Occasional Nature, Composition, and Structure of Paul’s Letters,” in How the New Testament Came to Be: The Thirty-fifth Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, ed. Kent P. Jackson and Frank F. Judd Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 190–207.

• Brad Farnsworth, John Hilton III, Jaclyn Nielson, Jonathan Ogden, “Prophetic Use of the Pauline Epistles, 1970–2013,” Religious Educator 16, no.1 (2015): 77–103

Timothy and Titus:

• “Timothy,” Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible.

• “Epistle of Titus,” Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible.

Organization of Christ’s Church:

• Grant Underwood, “The ‘Same’ Organization That Existed in the Primitive Church,” in Go Ye into All the World: Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 167–186.

• Kent P. Jackson, “New Testament Prophecies of Apostasy,” in Sperry Symposium Classics: The New Testament, ed. Frank F. Judd Jr. and Gaye Strathearn (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 394–406

An Example of the Believers:

• Val Hawks, “A Pattern of Integrity: Agency, Order, and Obedience,” in Moral Foundations: Standing Firm in a World of Shifting Values, ed. Douglas E. Brinley, Perry W. Carter, and James K. Archibald (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University), 129–42.

• Russell M. Nelson, “Be Thou an Example of the Believers,” General Conference October 2010.

• Thomas S. Monson, “A Light to the World,” BYU Speeches November 2011.

• Ted L. Gibbons, “Paul as a Witness of the Work of God,” in Go Ye into All the World: Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 27–40.

The Spirit of Fear Is not from God:

• Gordon B. Hinckley, “’God Hath Not Given Us the Spirit of Fear’,” Ensign, October 1984.

• Derek A. Cuthbert, “The Futility Fear,” BYU Speeches May 1984. 

• Gordon B. Hinckley, “We Need Not Fear His Coming,” BYU Speeches March 1979.

• Lloyd D. Newell, “Fear Not,” BYU Speeches December 2014.

• Esnil Acosta, “’Well Done, Thou Good and Faithful Servant,’” Ensign March 1988.

Living the Gospel Provides Safety:

• Jeffrey R. Holland, “Safety for the Soul,” General Conference October 2009.

Philemon:

• Max H. Parkin, “Who Wrote the Book of Philemon?” Ensign, September 1991.

• Matthew J. Grey, “‘A Slave of Christ Jesus’: Ancient Slavery as a Biblical Metaphor for Salvation,” in Selections from the Religious Education Student Symposium 2003 (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2003), 81–100.

• “Epistle to Philemon,” Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible.

BYU’s RSC

• The Life of the Apostle Paul

• Prophetic Use of the Pauline Epistles, 1970–2013

• A Pattern of Integrity

Additional Videos & Insights

• Paul, Apostle of Christ (full movie available for purchase or rental on YouTube)

• New Testament History, Culture, and Society

• Early Church History Timeline 0 to 500 AD (PDF version, download)