CFM: October 2–8
Videos and Podcasts
Video/ Podcast | Lesson Extension | Additional Materials |
Scripture Central | ||
Follow Him | ||
Line Upon Line | ||
Teaching with Power | | |
Don't Miss This | | |
CFM New Testament | ||
Unshaken | | |
The Interpreter Foundation | ||
Teaching Helps with John Hilton | | |
Ponderfun | Ephesians (not yet posted) | |
Talking Scripture | ||
Resources and Insights about this Week's Lesson
The Book of Ephesians, one of the epistles within the New Testament, has traditionally been ascribed to the Apostle Paul, with its intended audience being the Christian community in the ancient city of Ephesus. However, scholarly debate surrounds the authorship of this letter, casting doubt on its direct attribution to Paul. During the era in which it was written, it was not uncommon for someone other than the purported author to compose a letter in their name. Various theories have emerged regarding the true authorship of Ephesians, and if it was not penned by Paul himself, it is likely that it was composed on his behalf, likely compiled from his other writing and public teachings. Some scholars propose that it may have been authored by one of Paul's trusted disciples or followers, such as Luke or Titus, while others speculate that Priscilla and Aquila could have played a role. Alternatively, Ephesians might be a compilation drawn from various sources or letters circulating during that period. One of the key factors contributing to doubts about Pauline authorship is the presence of noticeable disparities in vocabulary, writing style, sentence structure, tone, and theological emphasis when compared to other undisputed Pauline letters. These distinctions serve as primary reasons prompting scholars to consider the possibility of an alternate authorship for the Book of Ephesians.
If Paul actually did write Ephesians, tradition indicates it was probably written from Rome around 61-63 AD. If it was not written by Paul, scholars suggest it was likely written sometime during 70-95 AD. To understand the context and significance of this book, we must first delve into the history and culture of Ephesus and Paul's influence on the community.
Ephesus: A Historical Overview
Ephesus was a prominent ancient Greek city located on the western coast of modern-day Turkey. It was situated in Ionia, near the mouth of the Cayster River and was known for its strategic location as a major port city along the Aegean Sea. Ionia is historically known as the birthplace of Western Philosophy and Science, and it has a rich and diverse history that spanned several centuries.
According to legend, Ephesus was founded by the Amazons, the fabled female warriors associated with Diana (Artemis, "Wonder Woman"). The city's origins can be traced back to the Ionian Greeks in the 10th century BCE, but it likely has earlier ties to the Ancient Minoan civilization, as the communities share several common mythological themes and cultural/religious traditions. In the 7th century a group of 12 city states joined together to form the Ionian League, forming a socio-religious pact. This helped to provide support, safety, and stability to the community and region. This community would be instrumental during the Persian invasions in the 6th Century, and they would stand against King Darius during the first wave of Persian invasions. Following this invasion the Ionian League partnered with Athens and other areas to create the Delian League to stand against King Xerxes (Ahursus), and they were able to successfully maintain their independence (The Formation of the Delian League). These event propelled Greece into their Golden Age. This history is alluded to in the book of Esther.
Ephesus flourished under various Greek rulers and became a vital hub for trade and commerce. During the Roman Empire, Ephesus continued to thrive and was known for its impressive architecture, including the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It also served as the capital of the Roman province of Asia. Ephesus was a center of culture and religion. The Temple of Artemis was a focal point for religious worship, and the city was home to diverse religious practices, including the spread of Christianity. The city's proximity to the sea and well-developed infrastructure made it a key trading center in the region, fostering economic and intellectual prosperity.
According to Acts 18:19-21, Paul visited Ephesus briefly on his second missionary journey but promised to return, which he did on his third journey (Acts 19). During his extended stay in Ephesus, Paul engaged in extensive evangelism, teaching, and building up the church community. His influence on the Christian community in Ephesus was profound.
Some of the major events involving Paul in Ephesus include:
Teaching in the Synagogue: Paul initially began his ministry in Ephesus by preaching in the synagogue. He gained a following and started teaching about Jesus Christ. Following being expelled from the Synagogue he began teaching at the School of Tyrannus, and developed a large following.
Miracles and Spiritual Warfare: Acts 19:11-20 describes how Paul performed miracles including healing the sick, and casting out demons in the name of Christ. "And God was doing extraordinary miracles by the hands of Paul, so that even handkerchiefs or aprons that had touched his skin were carried away to the sick, and their diseases left them, and the evil spirits came out of them." (11-12). Some tried to duplicate the miracles Paul performed, but they were unsuccessful, and their efforts backfired.
The Riot in Ephesus: Acts 19:23-41 recounts a riot instigated by silversmiths who were concerned about the impact of Paul's teaching on the trade of idols related to Artemis (Diana). This event demonstrated the strong reaction Paul's message provoked, and the significant impact it had, Paul: Uproar in Ephesus. So great was Paul's message, many completely abandoned and rejected the previous traditions, even going so far as to burn and destroy many of the communities records and artifacts. This spurred a great deal of contention, anger, and fear. While one might appreciate the zeal these early members had for the Gospel, their contentious methods set dangerous precedents that brought immediate and long term consequences. Paul's message of unity and oneness in Ephesians addresses the importance of being peacemakers.
Overview:
Ephesians 1 contains important theological and practical insights for the early Christian community in Ephesus and beyond. This letter served to strengthen the faith of believers in a culturally diverse and spiritually challenging context, offering them a vision of their identity and purpose in Christ.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 1 | | | |
Verse 1-2 | Salutations | Standard opening greeting: Salutations indicating sender and recipients. χάρις Charis, a greeting that Paul frequently and intentionally uses, means "Grace, beauty, charm, elegance, gratitude, and goodwill," it is the root for several English words such as charisma, cherish, caress, and charity; the word grace is also etymologically related, as the "g" and "c" got swapped, which was a very common occurrence for borrowed words from Greek to Latin. This root is alo related to the Greek name for Christ through the root, χείρ which means "hand" (חֶסֶד, χρηστότης). It is through Christ's hands, help, aid, support, charity, grace, power, and anointings that we can receive the blessings of salvation. These concepts of Grace were personified in Ancient Greek mythologies, which would have registered with the Ephesian Saints. Many recognized correlations between Greek mythological and linguistic remnants to the traditions and teachings that Paul taught. They saw commonalities between their traditions and those These were the types of distinctive markers that pointed many early converts to the true Gospel of Jesus Christ, causing them to reject the cultural and religious traditions that they came to recognize as incomplete and flawed. | |
Verses 3-14 | The Premortal Blessings of Redemption through Jesus Christ |
| The Plan of Salvation & Pre-Existence: The Traditional Seven Sacred Mysteries (Sacraments) as recorded by Peter Lombard (c.1100-1160):
|
Verses 15-23 | Paul's Prayer of Thanksgiving, stresses Unity in Christ |
| |
The second chapter of Ephesians delves into key theological and practical themes that were crucial for the early Christian community in Ephesus, including themes of salvation by grace, unity in Christ, and reconciliation between Jews and Gentiles. These teachings provided guidance and encouragement to the Ephesian Christians, emphasizing their shared identity in Christ and the transformative power of God's grace in a diverse and complex cultural context.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 2 | | INT | |
Verses 1-10 | Salvation by Grace through Faith: From Death to Life with Christ |
| |
Verses 11-22 | Unity in Christ |
| The goal of reconciliation and unity between Jews and Gentiles within the Christian community was especially relevant for Paul in Ephesus at this time. Many Christians and Jews had been fighting with each other, and with the Romans. Rome even expelled the Jews from the capitol for a time because of these conflicts, and the hostility was widespread, leading to deadly international, political, and militaristic tensions. This was part of the reason that Paul was incarcerated. The message of salvation by grace through faith offered hope and comfort to the saints in Ephesus, reminding them that their standing before God was not dependent on cultural background or their works (good deeds, cultural expectations, financial contributions, ritual observance, etc.) but on God's grace. Breaking down walls of separation, a reference to the Temple mount that had previously excluded the Gentiles under penalties of death (Balustrade Inscriptions) |
Paul expounds on the mystery of Christ and the inclusion of Gentiles in God's plan, emphasizing unity and the importance of prayer for spiritual strength and understanding. These teachings provided guidance and assurance to the Ephesian Christians in navigating their faith within a diverse and challenging cultural context.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 3 | | | INT |
Verses 1-13 | The Mystery of Christ and the Inclusion of Gentiles |
| Ephesians: Unfolding the Mysteries through Revelation Some Additional Mysteries Paul expands upon:
Throne Theophany (the same pattern of prophecy described by multiple prophets, both male and female, through sacred visions and encounters) |
Verses 14-21 | Prayer for Spiritual Strength and Understanding |
|
In Ephesians 4, Paul addresses themes of unity, spiritual maturity, and ethical conduct within the Christian community, offering practical guidance for navigating a diverse and challenging cultural context. These teachings were intended to strengthen the faith and witness of the Ephesian Christians in a complex world.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 4 | | | |
Verses 1-16 | Unity and Maturity in the Body of Christ |
| |
Verses 17-32 | Putting Off the Old Self and Putting On the New |
| Your minds in the past have been darkened... |
The fifth chapter of Ephesians continues to provide guidance for Christian living, emphasizing the themes of imitating God, living in light, and exhibiting a Christlike attitudes and relationships in various aspects of life.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 5 | | | INT |
Verses 1-7 | Imitating God and Walking in Love |
| |
Verses 8-14 | Living as Children of Light |
| |
Verses 15-33 | Engaging in Christ Like Relationships |
|
The sixth chapter of Ephesians concludes the letter with instructions regarding spiritual warfare, the Christian's armor, and exhortations for various relationships.
Scripture | Major Topics/ Themes | Summary | Cross-References, Videos & Resources |
Ephesians 6 | | | INT |
Verses 1-9 | Relationship with Children, Servants, and Stewards | Paul offers counsel regarding how people should treat one another in various social hierarchies: parents to children, children to parents, servants (workers) to masters (superiors), and masters (superiors) to servants (workers).
| INT |
Verses 10-17 | Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God |
| |
Verses 18-20 | Prayer and Perseverance |
| |
Verses 21-24 | Relationships and Unity |
| |
Church Related Videos & Resources
Scripture Central
Reading Guide
Lynne Hilton Wilson, "Ephesians," Come Follow Me: The New Testament, 2019.
Thomas A. Wayment, “Internal Divisions: Ephesians in Historical Context,” Shedding Light on the New Testament: Acts–Revelation, ed. Ray L. Huntington, Frank F. Judd Jr., and David M. Whitchurch (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2009), 153–70.
Matthew O. Richardson, “Ephesians: Unfolding the Mysteries through Revelation,” in Go Ye into All the World: Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 130–144.
Philip Abbot, New Testament Renditions: The Epistle to the Ephesians: A New Rendition, Provo, UT: BYU New Testament Commentary, 2019.
Amy Blake Hardison, “Unity and Atonement in Ephesians,” in Go Ye into All the World: Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 114–129.
David A. Bednar, “Gather Together in One All Things in Christ,” General Conference October 2018.
Brian M. Hauglid, “Joseph Smith’s Inspired Commentary on the Doctrine of Calling and Election,” Shedding Light on the New Testament: Acts–Revelation, ed. Ray L. Huntington, Frank F. Judd Jr., and David M. Whitchurch (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, 2009), 209–27.
Grant Underwood, “The ‘Same’ Organization That Existed in the Primitive Church,” in Go Ye into All the World: Messages of the New Testament Apostles, 31st Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2002), 167–186.
Lavell Edwards, “Take Upon Yourself the Whole Armor of God,” BYU Speeches April 2001.
Tad R. Callister, “What Is the Blueprint of Christ’s Church?” CES Devotional for Young Adults January 2014.
Russell M. Nelson, “Thus Shall My Church Be Called,” General Conference April 1990.
Spencer W. Kimball, “Men of Example,” Teaching Seminary: Preservice Readings.
Background to the Pauline Epistles:
Frank F. Judd Jr., “The Epistles of the Apostle Paul: An Overview,” in New Testament History, Culture, and Society: A Background to the Texts of the New Testament, ed. Lincoln H. Blumell (Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2019), 419-445.
Eric D. Huntsman, “The Occasional Nature, Composition, and Structure of Paul’s Letters,” in How the New Testament Came to Be: The Thirty-fifth Annual Sidney B. Sperry Symposium, ed. Kent P. Jackson and Frank F. Judd Jr. (Provo, UT: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University; Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2006), 190–207.
The Bible Project
BYU’s RSC
Additional Videos & Insights
Comments