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Writer's pictureCFMCorner
Jul 2925 min read

“Look to God and Live”





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Resources and Insights for this Week's Lesson




The Book of Mormon: A Cultural and Religious Dialogue


The lesson this week has been tremendously challenging to prepare due to the wealth of information it contains, making it impossible to cover everything in detail, and extremely difficult to tie it all together. So, I apologize if this commentary might seem a bit disjointed.


My own inadequacies with presenting this material are heightened by the fact that these chapters represent such a masterful culmination of all of Alma's teachings and insights, and I want to do it justice. But in order to do so, it is essential to reflect on some of his earlier lessons to more fully appreciate the depth of what Alma is expressing in this week's material.


Overview

In Alma 1-35, Alma the Younger outlines several key cultural principles that are deeply rooted in ancient Jewish traditions and adapted to the Nephite context. In his lessons, Alma explores how these principles are intentionally designed to teach about and point the Israelites to Jesus Christ while developing and fostering a strong and faithful community. These are the fundamental building blocks that prepare us for the profound blessings that Alma prepares for his sons in 36-42.


Here are a few of the key cultural principles highlighted by Alma that can prepare us for our dive into this week's materials:


The "Holy Order," Seder Kadosh and the Jewish Haggadah (Alma 5)

In Alma 5, Alma gives a sermon to the people of Zarahemla. This sermon closely mirrors the 15 steps of the Jewish Haggadah, the traditional Passover outline, which is also referred to as the Seder Kadosh, or "Holy Order," in Jewish tradition. These 15 steps symbolize the spiritual journey and conversion of the Israelites, retracing the steps of their deliverance from Egypt. These steps have profound symbolic meaning and in many ways one can compare them to the pattern of the Temple ordinances, the structure of the Holy Order of the Priesthood, and even an abbreviated version of Jesus' Sermon on the Mount. We reviewed the 15 steps of the Haggadah previously, in our lesson "Have Ye Experienced This Mighty Change in Your Hearts?"


In Alma 5, Alma uses the Exodus story as a framework and parallels it with examples from Nephite history to illustrate the principle of ultimate deliverance through Jesus Christ. By structuring his sermon around the traditional steps of the Jewish Seder, Alma draws from the Torah and Israelite culture to encourage self-examination, repentance, and spiritual renewal among the Nephites and modern readers. His famous questions, "Have ye experienced this mighty change in your hearts?" and "Have ye received His image in your Countenance?" invites listeners to reflect deeply on their own spiritual transformation, development, and commitment to the gospel.


Cultural Religious Festivals and Community Life


Alma's accounts highlight several examples of cultural and religious festivals being observed among both the Nephites and Lamanites. These religious and cultural observances were an integral part of the Law of Moses. They fostered a sense of community, preserved cultural traditions, reinforced religious teachings, and Alma explains that they ultimately pointed the Israelites to the coming of Jesus Christ. Observing these festivals helped the people remember God's covenants and His promises of redemption, serving as vital components of their faith and worship.


Throughout his teachings, Alma emphasized the importance of the Law of Moses and explained that the Nephites strictly observed these laws as outlined in the Torah. Learning about the cultural and symbolic nature of these traditional appointed feast days can help one to identify their observance among the Nephites, who were Jews after all. It is essential to remember that Moroni abridged the Book of Mormon with a Jewish audience in mind, and he assumed that his audience would be familiar with these traditions:

"Which is to show unto the remnant of the house of Israel what great things the Lord hath done for their fathers; and that they may know the covenants of the Lord, that they are not cast off forever—And also to the convincing of the Jew and Gentile that Jesus is the Christ, the Eternal God, manifesting himself unto all nations." -Title Page of the Book of Mormon, Moroni

A plethora of valuable insights can be gleaned from the Book of Mormon when it is studied through a Jewish lens, and the observance of Jewish Holy Days was a fundamental part of what it meant to be Jewish. Examples of these festival traditions being practiced can be found throughout Alma's records, including:


  • Passover (Pesach): Alma reflects on deliverance from bondage, symbolizing spiritual deliverance through Christ. (Alma 5-6 & 36-42, "Have Ye Experienced This Mighty Change in Your Hearts?")

  • Feast of Weeks (Shavuot, Pentecost, Counting of the Omer "grain harvest"): Ammon experiences a Pentecostal experience during an appointed harvest feast that was being culturally observed among the Lamanites. King Limhi and his wife experience a powerful conversion that mirrors the Theophanic experience described by Alma the Younger. This is followed by the powerful conversions of Limhi's people, His father, mother, and the Anti-Lehi-Nephites. I Will Make an Instrument of Thee)

  • Feast of Tabernacles (Sukkot): Sukkot emphasizes gratitude and dependence on God, and it foreshadows the gathering of Israel and their entrance into the Promised Land. It is celebrated with the tradition of making temporary booths, or tents, as the people turn their tents to the Tabernacle of Temple to receive the Word of God. We observe this practice with King Benjamin's address, when the Nephites turned their tents to the Temple to hear the words of their prophets and leaders. "A Mighty Change"

  • Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur): Yom Kippur highlights the need for repentance and atonement. The ultimate Atonement was offered through Jesus Christ. In Alma 34, Amulek delivers a powerful sermon on the infinite and eternal nature of the Atonement of Jesus Christ. He emphasizes the need for repentance and the importance of seeking forgiveness through Christ's sacrifice. This sermon mirrors the themes of Yom Kippur, focusing on repentance, atonement, and reconciliation with God. (“Be Not Afraid,” Understanding the Day of Atonement or Yom Kippur)




Importance of Literacy

Alma stresses the significance of literacy, both in terms of spiritual literacy (understanding and living the gospel) and literal literacy (reading, understanding, and preserving scripture). He emphasizes that the scriptures are a source of knowledge and guidance, and that they testify of Christ. This emphasis on literacy is seen in his encouragement to search and study the brass plates and other records diligently. These principles are especially relevant in Alma 37, when Alma describes the nature of the word, and how this word was reflected and understood using the Liahona.


Drawing Upon the Othot ("Signs") and the Principles of Creation

In Alma 30, Alma draws upon the concept of owthot (plural form "signs," from the root: אוֹת Aleph - Vav - Tav) during his confrontation with Korihor. When Korihor demands a sign to prove the existence of God, Alma references the usage of the word "sign" in the Torah, particularly as it related to the creation account and the organization of the planets (Genesis 1:14). The account in Genesis specifies that the organization of the heavenly bodies were intended to be used for light and enlightenment, as the order and organization of these bodies could be used to help mankind learn about "signs," "seasons," "days," and "years."



Alma explained that the divine order of the cosmos and the signs were established by God in the heavens, and that they underscore the inherent evidence of God’s existence and His power and influence in the natural world (Alma 30:43-44, "Plant This Word in Your Hearts," “All Things Denote There Is a God”: Seeing Christ in the Creation).


The Significance of Aleph - Vav - Tav (אוֹת)

The spelling of the word אוֹת (owth) is significant. It is composed of Aleph, Vav, and Tav, and is comparable to the Alpha and Omega of the Greek alphabet, representing the first and last letters of the Hebrew script. In Hebrew tradition, these letters hold layers of profound symbolic meaning (Psalms 119, Hebrew, INT). For example:


  • Aleph (א): As the first letter of the Alphabet, Aleph represents the oneness of God and the unification of all creation.

  • Vav [ו]: Symbolizes a hook or that is used to join or connect. It is related to the concept of a vow, and can be used to represent one's word or their promise. Linguistically the letter vav is used as a conjunction and is frequently translated into English as "and."

  • Tav [ת]: The last letter of the alphabet, symbolizes a mark or sign. Anciently the Tav was represented with two vavs interconnecting, like the letter X. This represented the concept of a two way promise or covenant. One might relate the tav to the X of a contract, where two parties give their word to fulfil certain terms and conditions according to the laws and stipulations outlined in the agreement. They use their name as their witness and marker. In early Christian tradition the Greek letter X (Chi) was recognized as part of the Chi-Rho (Hebrew: Chi Resh), a early monogram for Jesus Christ, the "Living Head." (The Evolution of Two Hebrew Scripts, Ketav Ivri vs. Ketav Ashurit)


Together, Aleph - Vav - Tav encapsulates the entirety of divine creation, from beginning to end, akin to the Alpha and Omega of the Greek Alphabet. In Jewish tradition, it was the Aleph-Tav that God spoke in the beginning, which acted as the catalyst for creation itself. This concept is reinforced by the nature and organization of the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.


In Jewish tradition, Rabbis teach that there are three primary ways to learn about the symbolic nature of the alphabet:


  1. The Name: Analyzing the name of each letter can reveal deeper symbolic meanings, which can be expanded upon through the use of lexicons and concordances.

  2. First Use in the Torah: The first time a letter is used in the Torah, particularly at the beginning of a word or root word, provides insight into its symbolic significance.

  3. Psalm 119: This psalm features an acrostic poem with each stanza beginning with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. Each of the 22 letters is highlighted in an eight-verse stanza, symbolizing completeness and divine order.


Alma's Use of Owthot in Teaching Divine Principles

In his teachings, Alma demonstrates how these symbols can represent divine principles relating to the gospel and the power of God's Word. He emphasizes that the natural world and the order of the cosmos are themselves signs of God’s existence and handiwork. This idea aligns with the Hebrew tradition that views the alphabet not just as a system of meaningless letters used for communication, but as embodying the principles of creation and the Torah, or "law."


Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints can draw powerful parallels between these ancient Hebrew traditions and the gospel of Jesus Christ and the Plan of Salvation, just as Alma and Amulek do in chapters 32-35, when they describe the symbolic nature of the seed, which reflects a strong symbolic connection to the Hebrew letter נ nun.


By referencing these ancient symbols, including the seed, Alma connects the Nephite understanding of signs and symbols to the divine order outlined within with the broader umbrella of Jewish tradition. He teaches that just as the Aleph-Tav encompasses all creation, the gospel of Jesus Christ encompasses all aspects of spiritual life, from beginning to end. Alma urges his audience to "plant this word in your hearts," symbolizing the need to internalize these divine principles and live by them.


Alma's teachings about signs and the seed demonstrate his familiarity with and intricate understanding of these ancient linguistic traditions and principles. Alma beautifully embedded these symbols into his teachings, using them to explain complex spiritual principles in a way that his audience could relate to and understand on multiple levels. By aligning these signs with the principles of the gospel, Alma helps to illustrate how all creation points to Christ and the fundamental truths of faith, repentance, and redemption. Through these small and simple means, even in the formation of these simple but profound letters, the building blocks for the word itself is manifest. Alma demonstrates how through these small and simple things (devarim), great things can in deed come to pass (Alma 37:6-12).


Expanded teachings regarding the Symbolism of the Seed and the Hebraic letter Nun (Alma 32-33)

In Alma 32, Alma uses the parable of the seed to teach about faith. He explains that faith, like a seed, must be planted and nurtured to grow. This metaphor aligns with the Hebrew letter נ nun, which symbolizes a seed, growth, and continuity. Alma's teachings illustrate how faith in Christ must be cultivated through prayer, humility, and ongoing spiritual effort.


Alma's Use of the Brazen Serpent and the Symbolism of Nun and Nachash (Alma 33)

Alma and Amulek draw parallels between these symbols of a seed growing into a mighty tree full of life and fruit and the story of Moses lifting the brazen serpent upon a staff. In many ways, we see parallels to the Garden of Eden, with the Tree of Life and the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil represented.


The Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil brings death, pain, and suffering, akin to the Cross upon which Jesus was Crucified. The Tree of Life represents hope and new life, healing and salvation, made possible through the Atonement and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. Alma and Amulek include these themes in their discussion with the Zoramites about the symbolic nature of the seed.


This connection is fascinating because the symbols of a seed and serpent are both associated with the Hebraic letter nun. As discussed previously, the alphabet has a rich symbolic history and heritage. An examination of the alphabet's early history, which was not fully understood during Joseph Smith's lifetime, reveals that these symbols were both closely linked to the ancient form of the Hebrew letter Nun which was anciently depicted pictorially as the image of both a seed and a snake, the latter being associated with the word נָחָשׁ (nachash), meaning "serpent" (The Jewish Invention of the Alphabet.)


The early form of the Hebrew Alphabet is known as the Proto Sinaitic script (Ketav Evrit), and knowledge of its existence did not become apparent until 1905, when evidence of this early form was rediscovered in Sinai and later found in Canaan. These records date back to around 1800 BC, and this Proto-Hebraic form of the alphabet was likely the form that was used by Abraham, Moses, King David and other Hebrew writers leading up until the Babylonian invasion. This would have been the form of the script that Nephi and Alma would have been familiar with because the later Assyrian form that many associate with Hebrew today, was not developed until after the Babylonian invasion, around 500 BC, after Nephi and his family left Jerusalem.


Alma's uses of these specific symbols to illustrate the symbolic nature of the seed and serpent, and their relationship to the importance of faith in Jesus Christ and the life-giving power of His Atonement, offer remarkable evidence to support the authenticity and validity of the Book of Mormon as an ancient record. These specific inclusions by Alma were not known when Joseph Smith was translating the plates, and they offer compelling evidence that the Book of Mormon was in deed written by a people who predated the writing reforms of the Hebrew language, which took place following the Jews return from Babylonian Exile.


The Early Hebrew script was modified around 500 BC into the now recognized Ketav Ashurit form, or the Imperial Aramaic Script, under the order of King Darius. This adapted script was mandated as the official alphabet of the Archaemenid Empire during the lifetime of Daniel, who was commanded by God to "shut up the words, and seal the book, even to the time of the end" (Daniel 12:4). This powerful context demonstrates a remarkable fulfilment of prophecy, highlighted both in the Old Testament and the Book of Mormon, and this perspective helps to illuminate an additional layer of wisdom imbedded within the Lord's instructions to Alma to preserve the records of his people, offering greater insight pertaining to the "wise purpose for which they were kept" (Alma 37:2).


The later Aramaic form of the script is still used today to preserve sacred Hebraic texts, and the preservation of this text has been monumental in retaining the brightness of the Old Testament records, helping theologians and scholars of all faith traditions to better understand the true meaning and context of the ancient records. Additionally, since 1905, and the rediscovery of the earlier Proto-Sinaitic Script continuing advancement have and are being made every day. Ongoing research is is being conducted by archeologists, linguists, and scholars, as they are striving to compile and pull together this remarkable history. These discoveries lave led to exciting and considerable strides in the fields of archeology, theology, linguistics, and the development of etymology as we understand them today.


The Brazen Serpent and Faith in Christ

In the Old Testament, the Israelites were plagued by venomous serpents as a consequence of their disobedience. God instructed Moses to create a serpent of brass and lift it on a pole so that anyone bitten could look at it and be healed (Numbers 21:6-9). Alma references this story to teach that just as the Israelites were physically healed by looking at the brazen serpent, we can be spiritually healed by looking to Christ with faith (Alma 33:19-22).


Deeper Symbolism of Nun and Nachash

The Hebrew letter Nun symbolizes a seed, growth, and continuity, often associated with faith and the life-giving power of God's word. The word נָחָשׁ (nachash), meaning serpent, brings additional context and layers of symbolism. In the Genesis account, the serpent beguiled Eve to partake of the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, leading to the Fall of Adam and Eve, thereby introducing sin and death into the world (Genesis 3:1-7).


Christ as the Anti-Venom

By drawing on the symbolism of the serpent, Alma emphasizes that Jesus Christ represents the antidote to the effects of the Fall. Just as the brazen serpent provided a remedy for the Israelites, faith in Christ offers hope and salvation to all mankind. The cure from curse associated with the fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil is to partake of the fruit that comes from Jesus Christ and His Tree of Life. Alma teaches that through Christ's Atonement, we can be healed from the spiritual venom of sin and death. This profound symbolism underscores the necessity of looking to Christ for redemption and eternal life. Faith in Him offers hope and salvation to all who will look to Him and live. This powerful analogy reinforces the life-giving power of Christ's Atonement and the necessity of faith for eternal salvation.

Teachings on the Atonement (Alma 34)

Amulek's sermon in Alma 34 reinforces Alma's Testimony, as he focuses on the infinite and eternal nature of Christ's Atonement. He explains that the Atonement is essential for the plan of salvation and that through faith in Christ and His Atonement, individuals can obtain mercy and eternal life. This underscores the centrality of Jesus Christ in Nephite belief and practice.


Principles Pertaining to Throne Theophany:

The principles and themes taught by Alma and Amulek are verified by many other prophets throughout history. Their descriptions of the Tree of Life, their experiences approaching the Throne of God, their accounts of being surrounded by a concourse of heavenly angels in the attitude of singing praises to God are reflected throughout scripture, in the accounts of Lehi and Nephi's vision, in the Revelation of John, in the visions of Ezekiel and Isaiah, in the organization of the Tabernacle and Temples. We even see these types of descriptions reflected in writings of Joseph Smith. These symbols and themes are not new and they are not isolated. (The Throne Theophany and Prophetic Commission in 1 Nephi A Form-Critical Analysis)


Putting it Together

It is upon these fundamental principles that Alma continues to build. In Alma 36-38, all of these elements come together to create a whole or complete set of poetic verses that Alma drafts for his sons as he prepares to pass the torch on to them. Once again, These chapters likely stem from their festival observance and are probably part of their Passover Seder. Clear references to the retelling of the Exodus story, a key component of the Jewish Haggadah, are evident. In addition, Alma recounts his own Exodus story. We also observe a strong parallel to a tradition Passover custom that relates the Haggadah to the story of the Four Sons, with some slight variations. Alma applies the moral themes from this story to his three sons, presenting them as Nephite examples.


The Story of the Four Sons: An Overview


Introduction to the Tradition


The story of the Four Sons is a central part of the Jewish Passover Seder, an annual observance commemorating the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. The origins of this tradition lie in the commandment to teach the story of the Exodus to one's children, as found in the Torah (Exodus 13:8, 14; Deuteronomy 6:20; and 21:20). This directive has been interpreted through the ages as encompassing a variety of educational approaches to address the diverse nature of children's understanding and questions.


The Haggadah, the text recited during the Passover Seder, includes the story of the Four Sons to illustrate different attitudes and approaches to learning and understanding the story of the Exodus. The Four Sons are described as the Wise Son, the Wicked Son, the Simple Son, and the Son Who Does Not Know How to Ask. Each son represents a different way in which people might relate to the commandments and the story of the Exodus, providing a framework for teaching and discussion during the Seder.


The Four Sons


  1. The Wise Son: This son asks detailed questions about the laws and commandments, seeking to understand their deeper meanings. The response given to the Wise Son involves explaining the intricacies of the laws of Passover and the broader principles of the Torah.

  2. The Simple Son: This son asks straightforward questions, seeking basic understanding. The response to the Simple Son is to explain the fundamental story of the Exodus in simple terms, providing a clear and direct explanation.

  3. The Wicked Son: This son questions the relevance of the commandments to himself, distancing himself from the community. The response to the Wicked Son emphasizes communal responsibility and the importance of all individuals participating in the observance of the commandments.

  4. The Son Who Does Not Know How to Ask: This son does not ask questions, possibly due to a lack of understanding or awareness. The response to this son involves initiating the discussion, explaining the story of the Exodus, and encouraging engagement and curiosity.


Alma’s Counsel to His Sons in Alma 36-42


In Alma 36-42, Alma the Younger’s counsel to his sons Helaman, Shiblon, and Corianton mirrors the story of the Four Sons from the Haggadah. Alma’s counsel to his sons can be seen as an adaptation of these archetypes, offering tailored guidance that reflects the individual needs and spiritual journeys of each son, reflecting the diverse approaches to teaching seen in the Four Sons narrative. Some scholars, such as Brant Gardner, suggest that these names were probably used for teaching purposes, to drive the archetype adaptation home, as the names themselves reflect the associated connotations (Gardner, 302.)


Alma 36-37: Alma’s Counsel to Helaman


Introduction and Summary

In Alma 36, Alma recounts his own conversion story to his son Helaman, emphasizing the power of repentance and the importance of keeping the commandments. This chapter is an example of Alma as a wise father, imparting wisdom to his son. In Alma 37, Alma continues his counsel to Helaman, emphasizing the importance of the sacred records and the principles of faith and diligence.


Parallels to the Wise Son

The wise son in the Haggadah seeks to understand and keep the commandments. Alma’s counsel to Helaman reflects this wisdom by:

  • Recounting Personal Experience: Alma shares his dramatic conversion story, highlighting the mercy of Jesus Christ and the joy of repentance (Alma 36:6-24).

  • Emphasizing Commandments: Alma urges Helaman to keep the commandments of God and to trust in the Lord (Alma 36:1, 30).

  • Testifying of Deliverance: He testifies of the deliverance from sin through Jesus Christ, paralleling the themes of deliverance celebrated in the Passover (Alma 36:27-28).

  • Symbolic Form and Style of Message: Alma uses Symbolic Literary forms and themes to outline his message to Helaman. (Chiasmus)

  • Importance of Records: Alma instructs Helaman to preserve the sacred records and to use them to teach the people (Alma 37:1-20).

  • Power of the Scriptures: He explains how the scriptures can guide people to God and protect them from evil (Alma 37:8-9).

  • Faith and Diligence: Alma emphasizes the need for faith and diligence, using the Liahona as an example of how small means can bring about great things (Alma 37:38-47).


Alma 38: Alma’s Counsel to Shiblon (The Simple Son)


Introduction and Summary

Alma’s counsel to Shiblon reflects the attributes of the Simple Son. Shiblon is commended for his faithfulness and receives straightforward guidance on continuing his path of humility, diligence, and patience.


Parallels to the Simple Son

The simple son in the Haggadah asks straightforward questions and receives straightforward answers. Alma’s counsel to Shiblon reflects this simplicity:

  • Commendation for Faithfulness: Alma praises Shiblon for his steadiness and faithfulness in keeping the commandments (Alma 38:2-4).

  • Encouragement to Continue: He encourages Shiblon to continue in humility, diligence, and patience (Alma 38:10-12).

  • Straightforward Guidance: Alma’s instructions to Shiblon are clear and direct, emphasizing basic principles of righteous living (Alma 38:1-5, 14).


Alma 39-42: Counsel to Corianton (The Wicked Son)


Alma’s counsel to Corianton reflects the attributes of the Wicked Son, who questions the relevance of the commandments and has strayed from the path of righteousness. Alma addresses Corianton’s transgressions and guides him back to repentance and redemption.

  • Rebuking Sin: Alma sternly rebukes Corianton for his immoral behavior and neglect of his ministry (Alma 39:2-5).

  • Teaching Repentance: Alma emphasizes the necessity of repentance and the grave consequences of sin (Alma 39:6-9).

  • Explaining the Plan of Salvation: Alma provides detailed teachings on the resurrection, the justice and mercy of God, and the Atonement of Christ (Alma 40-42).

  • Encouragement to Return: Alma encourages Corianton to repent sincerely and return to his duties, reassuring him of God’s mercy (Alma 42:29-31).


The story of the Four Sons in the Jewish Haggadah is a powerful teaching tool that addresses the diverse ways in which individuals relate to the commandments and the story of the Exodus. Alma’s counsel to his sons in Alma 36-42 reflects this tradition, offering tailored guidance that addresses the unique spiritual needs and questions of each son. By drawing on the principles of the Four Sons, Alma provides a framework for understanding and applying the gospel in a way that is relevant to each individual’s journey. This reflection of ancient Jewish traditions within the Book of Mormon underscores the depth and authenticity of its teachings, connecting modern readers to a rich cultural and spiritual heritage.


Literary Techniques in Alma’s Counsel to His Sons: Chiasmus and Symbolism


In Alma’s counsel to his sons, particularly in Alma 36, he employs the literary technique of chiasmus. Chiasmus is a form of parallelism where elements are presented and then repeated in reverse order, creating a mirrored structure. This technique not only enhances the rhetorical impact of the message but also aligns with symbolic elements such as the Menorah, a seven-branched candelabrum that represents spiritual enlightenment and divine presence.


Understanding Chiasmus

Chiasmus is a sophisticated literary structure where the sequence of ideas is repeated in reverse order, often to highlight central themes and emphasize key messages. This technique is prevalent in ancient Hebrew literature and is used to draw attention to specific points within the text.


Chiasmus in Alma 36

Alma 36 is a prime example of chiasmus. Alma's counsel to his son Helaman is structured in a way that the first half of the chapter mirrors the second half. This creates a central focal point around which the message revolves.



Broader Structure of Alma 36:

1. Introduction: Keep the Commandments (Verses 1-5)

- Alma's admonition.

2. Remember & Trust (Verses 2-3)

 - Alma recounts experiences of bondage.


3. Alma's Conversion Experience (Verses 6-22)

- Alma describes his rebellion and anguish, the angel’s visitation, and his subsequent conversion.

4. Central Focus: Jesus Christ and His Atonement (Verse 17-18)

- Alma cries out to Jesus Christ for mercy, marking his pivotal moment of conversion.

5. Alma describes his Joy and Testimony (Verses 19-22)

- Alma’s joy and deliverance after calling upon Christ.


6. Alma offers his Testimony and professes his Trust in the Lord (Verses 23-30)  - Alma describes his deliverance as he strives to deliver others.


7. Conclusion: Keep the Commandments (Verse 30)

- Alma urges Helaman to remember his experiences, to trust in the Lord, and keep the commandments.


The central verses (17-18), where Alma calls upon Jesus Christ, serve as the turning point of the chiasmus, emphasizing the transformative power of Christ’s Atonement.


Chiasmus and the Menorah


The Menorah, with its seven branches, is a powerful symbol in Judaism representing the light of God and spiritual enlightenment. The central branch of the Menorah corresponds to the pivotal element of a chiasmus. Just as the central light of the Menorah is the main source of illumination, the central theme in a chiasmic structure illuminates the entire message.


Correlation with Alma 36:

  • Branches of the Menorah: The three branches on either side of the central shaft of the Menorah symbolize the parallel elements of a chiasm, leading towards and reflecting from the central light.

  • Central Shaft: The central theme of Christ's Atonement in Alma 36 acts as the central light, providing spiritual illumination and focus to the surrounding narrative.




Application in Later Passages

Alma continues to use chiasmic structures and parallelism in his counsel to his other sons, Shiblon and Corianton. This consistent use of chiasmus not only reinforces key teachings but also ties the different parts of his counsel together into a coherent whole.


Alma’s Counsel to Shiblon (Alma 38):

- The structure of Alma’s message to Shiblon is simpler but still reflects several parallelism, emphasizing themes of diligence, patience, and faith.


Alma’s Counsel to Corianton (Alma 39-42):

- These chapters also contain chiastic elements, particularly in Alma’s detailed explanation of the Plan of Salvation, justice, mercy, and the Resurrection.


Integrating Themes: A Masterful Symbolic Sermon

The topics discussed thus far—symbolism of the Hebrew alphabet, the significance of signs, the seed metaphor, the brazen serpent, and chiasmus—intertwine to create a masterful symbolic sermon in Alma’s teachings.


Key Integrations:

1. Symbolism and Signs: Alma uses symbols such as the Aleph-Tav, the Menorah, and the seed to convey deep spiritual truths. These symbols connect his teachings to ancient Jewish traditions and reinforce the universal principles of faith, repentance, and divine order.

2. Chiasmus: The use of chiasmus in Alma’s counsel provides a structural elegance that mirrors the symmetry and order of divine creation. It emphasizes the central role of Christ and His Atonement in the Plan of Salvation.


3. Faith and Repentance: By drawing on symbols like the seed and the brazen serpent, Alma illustrates the process of spiritual growth and healing. These symbols highlight the necessity of faith in Christ for eternal life.


4. Divine Order: The consistent use of chiastic structures and symbolic references underscores the divine order and completeness inherent in God’s plan. Just as the Hebrew alphabet and the Menorah symbolize order and enlightenment, Alma’s teachings are designed to bring spiritual light and understanding to his sons.


Conclusion

Alma’s counsel to his sons is a rich tapestry of literary techniques and symbolic references that transcend the words themselves. By employing chiasmus and the language of symbolism, Alma not only enhances the rhetorical impact of his message but also aligns his teachings with the divine order represented by the Menorah. This integration of ancient Hebrew traditions with profound spiritual principles creates a masterful sermon that highlights the transformative power of Christ’s Atonement, the importance of faith and repentance, and the eternal plan of salvation.


Hebraic Resources:



Additional Resources:


 

Overview


Alma 36 is a deeply personal and reflective chapter where Alma the Younger recounts his dramatic conversion story to his son Helaman (Wise Son). This chapter is structured as a chiasmus, a literary form that uses parallelism to highlight central themes. Alma emphasizes the transformative power of Jesus Christ's Atonement, urging Helaman to remember and keep the commandments.


References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:


Major Topics/ Themes

​Cross-References, Videos & Resources

Alma 36

Verses 1-5: Introduction and Exhortation

1: Introduction: Alma begins by addressing his son Helaman, urging him to keep the commandments and trust in God.

2: Commandments and Prosperity: He emphasizes that keeping the commandments leads to prosperity and deliverance from bondage.

3: Personal Testimony: Alma shares his own experience of being delivered by God.

4: Reminder of Ancestors: He recalls how their ancestors were delivered from bondage by their faith in God.

5: Importance of Trusting in God: Alma stresses that trusting in God is crucial for deliverance and prosperity.

Were Nephite Prophets Familiar with the Passover Tradition?

Verses 6-9: Alma's Rebellion and the Angelic Visitation

Why Are there Multiple Accounts of Joseph Smith's and Alma's Visions?

6: Rebellion and Persecution: Alma recounts his rebellious actions and efforts to destroy the church.

7: Angel's Appearance: An angel appears to Alma and his companions, causing them to fall to the earth.

8: Message from the Angel: The angel rebukes Alma, reminding him of his father’s prayers and calling him to repentance.

9: Struck Down: Alma is struck down and experiences profound fear and guilt.

God Has Delivered Me

Verses 10-16: Alma's Suffering and Realization

When We Repent, the Atonement Removes Bitter Pain and Brings Exquisite Joy - Oaks

10: State of Unconsciousness: Alma falls unconscious for three days and three nights.

11: Torment and Guilt: During this time, he experiences intense torment and guilt for his sins.

12: Remembrance of Sins: Alma recalls all his sins and iniquities, feeling the pains of hell.

13: Despair and Hopelessness: He feels utterly despairing, believing there is no redemption for him.

14: Memory of Teachings: Alma remembers the teachings of his father about Jesus Christ.

15: Desire for Deliverance: He yearns to be delivered from his torment and guilt.

16: Acknowledgment of Sin: Alma fully acknowledges his sins and the justice of God’s punishment.

Racked with Eternal Torment - Packer

Verses 17-19: The Turning Point – Cry for Mercy and Deliverance


17: Remembering Jesus Christ: In his anguish, Alma remembers Jesus Christ and His Atonement.

18: Cry for Mercy: Alma cries out for mercy, calling upon Jesus Christ to save him.

19: Immediate Deliverance: He is immediately delivered from his guilt and pain, experiencing indescribable joy and peace.

Replace Suffering with Joy - Holland

Verses 20-22: Joy and Vision of God

Why Was Alma Converted?

20: Joy of Redemption: Alma describes the overwhelming joy he feels upon his redemption.

21: Contrast with Previous Pain: He contrasts this joy with the immense pain he previously felt.

22: Vision of God: Alma sees a vision of God sitting on His throne, surrounded by angels, and rejoicing in his redemption.

Verses 23-26: Testimony and Mission


23: Return to the Living: Alma regains consciousness and strength, immediately beginning to preach the gospel.

24: Dedication to God: He dedicates his life to bringing others to repentance and faith in Jesus Christ.

24: Deliverance from Bondage: Alma emphasizes that God has delivered him from spiritual bondage.

26: Prosperity through Obedience: He reiterates that keeping the commandments brings prosperity and blessings.

27: God’s Guidance and Deliverance: Alma testifies of God’s constant guidance and deliverance throughout his life.


Verses 28-30: Conclusion and Exhortation

What the Exodus Teaches Us about the Atonement?

28: Call to Remember: Alma urges Helaman to remember his experiences and to trust in God.

29: Final Exhortation: He concludes by exhorting Helaman to keep the commandments and trust in the Lord for all his needs.

30: Promise of Prosperity: Alma promises that if Helaman keeps the commandments, he will prosper in the land.


Overview


In Alma 37, Alma continues his counsel to his son Helaman, emphasizing the importance of the sacred records, the power of the scriptures, and the principles of faith and diligence. This chapter also contains instances of chiasmus, reinforcing key messages and highlighting central themes.


References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

Major Topics/ Themes

​Cross-References, Videos & Resources

Alma 37

Verses 1-2: The Charge to Keep the Records

The Blessing of Scripture

1: Alma entrusts Helaman with the sacred records, including the brass plates and other Nephite records. 

2: Alma emphasizes the importance of preserving these records to maintain the knowledge of God's dealings with His people.

  • The Sacred Trust & Purpose

  • Responsibility: Alma entrusts Helaman with the care of sacred records.

  • Preservation: Emphasizes the importance of preserving the records to maintain spiritual heritage.


Verses 3-5: The Importance of the Plates of Nephi

Plates and Genealogies

3: Alma highlights the Plates of Nephi and their role in preserving history and teachings. 

4: Alma asserts that keeping the records is a wise commandment necessary for spiritual well-being. 

5: Alma promises that if the records are kept, the people will prosper in the land.

Significance of the Records

  • Plates of Nephi: Their role in preserving Nephite history and teachings.

  • Commandment and Wisdom: Keeping the records is a divinely inspired commandment.

  • Promise of Prosperity: Obedience in preserving the records leads to prosperity.

Why Are Certain Biblical Psalms Used by Book of Mormon Authors?

Verses 6-12: The Power of Small and Simple Things

Alma 37:6 - "By (Very) Small and Simple Things: Paul Alan Cox"

6: Alma teaches that great things come to pass through small and simple means. 

7: The preservation and study of the records, though simple, have profound spiritual consequences. 

8: The scriptures are powerful in convincing people of their errors. 

9: Alma emphasizes that the records have the power to convert and preserve the people. 

10: He warns about the fate of the Jaredites due to their disobedience. 

11: Alma urges Helaman to use the records to teach the people and warn them against sin. 

12: Reaffirms that God's wisdom is greater than human understanding.

Small and Simple Means

  • Great Results: Small and simple means can lead to significant outcomes.

  • Power of Scriptures: Scriptures have a profound impact on spiritual growth and repentance.

  • Historical Lessons: Learning from the fate of the Jaredites.

  • Teaching and Warning: Using the records to guide and warn the people.

Verses 13-18: The Commandments and the Sacred Records


13: Alma gives strict commandments regarding the handling and protection of the records. 

14: Reiterates that keeping the commandments will lead to prosperity. 

15: Reminds Helaman of his covenant to keep the records safe. 

16: Alma underscores the power of the words in the records to bring people to the knowledge of God. 

17: Stresses that the words of Christ will be fulfilled and that the records testify of Him. 

18: Encourages Helaman to continually use the records to teach the people.

Safeguarding the Records

  • Strict Commandments: Importance of following divine instructions for handling the records.

  • Covenant of Responsibility: Helaman's duty to protect the records.

  • Power of the Word: The transformative power of the scriptures.


Verses 19-31: The Liahona and the Principles of Faith and Diligence

Why Was a Stone Used as an Aid in Translating the Book of Mormon?

19: Alma introduces the Liahona, a compass-like device given to Lehi's family. 

20: Describes its physical appearance and miraculous guidance. 

21: Explains that the Liahona only worked according to their faith and diligence. 

22: Draws parallels between the Liahona and the word of God, emphasizing the need for faith, diligence, and heedfulness. 

23: Chiasmus: "For it is as easy to give heed to the word of Christ, which will point to you a straight course to eternal bliss, as it was for our fathers to give heed to this compass, which would point unto them a straight course to the promised land." 

24: Uses the example of the Liahona to warn against slothfulness and disobedience. 

25: Illustrates the consequences of ignoring the Liahona with the hardships faced by Lehi’s family. 

26: Urges Helaman to follow the example of faith and diligence. 

27: Chiasmus: "And now, my son, see that ye take care of these sacred things, yea, see that ye look to God and live." 

28: Testifies of God’s guidance through small means like the Liahona. 

29: Reaffirms that the records guide the people spiritually as the Liahona guided them physically. 

30: Encourages Helaman to heed the records and be diligent in their care. 

31: Concludes with an emphasis on the principles of faith and diligence.

The Liahona and Spiritual Guidance

  • Liahona: A symbol of divine guidance through faith and diligence.

  • Faith and Diligence: Essential for receiving divine direction.

  • Spiritual and Physical Guidance: Parallels between the Liahona's guidance and the spiritual guidance of the scriptures.

Symbolism of the Liahona

Verses 32-35: Final Exhortations and Warnings


32: Alma urges Helaman to use the records to teach the people to remember their God. 

33: Warns of the destruction that comes from forgetting God. 

34: Calls the people to repentance and faithfulness. 

35: Gives a final blessing to Helaman, urging him to trust in God and be faithful in his duties.

Final Exhortations

  • Teaching and Remembrance: Using the records to teach and remind the people of God.

  • Warnings and Repentance: Importance of repentance and faithfulness to avoid destruction.

  • Blessing and Trust: Final blessing and encouragement to trust in God.

Learn in Thy Youth -Hinkley



Overview


Alma 38 is Alma the Younger’s counsel to his son Shiblon (Simple Son). In this chapter, Alma commends Shiblon for his faithfulness, encourages him to continue in humility and diligence, and provides guidance on how to endure trials and remain steadfast in the faith. The chapter highlights themes of endurance, humility, diligence, and the joy that comes from faithful discipleship.


References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

Major Topics/ Themes

​Cross-References, Videos & Resources

Alma 38

Alma Commends His Son Shiblon | Alma 38

Verses 1-4: Commendation and Acknowledgment


  1. Introduction: Alma addresses his son Shiblon.

  2. Commendation: Alma commends Shiblon for his faithfulness and diligence.

  3. Acknowledgment of Suffering: Alma acknowledges the trials and suffering Shiblon has endured for the gospel’s sake.

  4. Blessing for Faithfulness: Alma blesses Shiblon for his steadfastness and assures him of God’s continued support.

Recognition of Faithfulness

  • Address to Shiblon: Alma speaks directly to Shiblon, acknowledging his efforts.

  • Commendation: Recognizes Shiblon’s diligence and faithfulness in the gospel.

  • Acknowledgment of Trials: Acknowledges the suffering Shiblon has endured.

  • Blessing: Assures Shiblon of God’s blessings for his faithfulness.


Verses 5-9: Encouragement and Counsel

Did Alma Counsel His Sons During the Passover?

5: Trust in God: Alma encourages Shiblon to continue trusting in God and to endure to the end.

6: Patience and Long-suffering: Advises Shiblon to be patient and long-suffering in all things.

7: Counsel on Humility: Alma stresses the importance of humility and meekness.

8: Personal Testimony: Alma shares his own conversion experience to illustrate the joy and peace that come from repentance and faith in Christ.

9: Exhortation to Righteousness: Alma exhorts Shiblon to continue in righteousness and avoid pride.

Guidance for Continued Faithfulness

  • Trust and Endurance: Encourages Shiblon to trust in God and endure.

  • Patience and Long-suffering: Advises patience in all circumstances.

  • Humility: Stresses the importance of remaining humble.

  • Personal Testimony: Shares Alma’s own experience to inspire Shiblon.

  • Exhortation to Righteousness: Encourages Shiblon to continue in righteous living.

Consistency in Alma’s Conversion Accounts

Verses 10-12: Specific Instructions and Warnings


10: Bridle Passions: Alma advises Shiblon to bridle his passions and refrain from idleness.

11: Example to Others: Encourages Shiblon to be diligent and temperate, setting a good example for others.

12: Avoiding Pride: Warns against pride and advises Shiblon to remain humble and teachable.

Instructions and Warnings

  • Bridling Passions: Advises self-control and avoidance of idleness.

  • Setting an Example: Encourages Shiblon to be a good example through diligence and temperance.

  • Warning Against Pride: Stresses the importance of humility and avoiding pride.


Verses 13-15: Final Exhortations and Blessings


13: Exhortation to Pray: Alma encourages Shiblon to pray continually for guidance and strength.

14: Blessing of Protection: Alma blesses Shiblon, assuring him of God’s protection.

15: Conclusion: Alma concludes his counsel with a final blessing and affirmation of his love and confidence in Shiblon.

Final Exhortations and Blessings

  • Continual Prayer: Encourages constant prayer for divine assistance.

  • Blessing of Protection: Assures Shiblon of God’s protection and support.

  • Conclusion: Concludes with a final blessing and expression of love and confidence.



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