“That Evil May Be Done Away”

CFM: November 18-24

Ether 6-11

 Videos, Podcasts, & Weekly Lesson Material

Media	​Lesson Extension
Scripture Central	Ether 6-11 Scripture Study Insights Insights with Taylor and Tyler: Revisited Scripture Insights Come, Follow Me with John Hilton III Study Guide
Follow Him	Ether 6-11 Mormon 1-6 Part 1 • Dr. BJ Allen Mormon 1-6 Part 2 • Dr. BJ Allen Transcripts
Line Upon Line	Ether 6-11 (not yet posted)
Teaching with Power	Ether 6-11 ​Teaching Bundle for Book of Mormon, available on Etsy.
Don't Miss This	Ether 6-11
Book of Mormon Matters with John W. Welch and Lynne Hilton Wilson	Ether 6-11 John W. Welch Notes
​Unshaken	Ether 6-11
​The Interpreter Foundation	Ether 6-11 ​Commentary by John Claybaugh
​Scripture Gems	Ether 6-11 (not yet posted) Book of Mormon Map
Come Follow Up	Ether 6-11
The Scriptures Are Real	Ether 6-11 (not yet posted)
Latter Day Kids	Ether 6-11 A God of Miracles
Scripture Explorers	Ether 6-11 Not Yet Posted
Gospel for Kids	Ether 6-11 Jared and His Family
​Talking Scripture	Ether 6-11 (Show Notes)
Book of Mormon Minute, Brant A. Gardner Volume 4: Helaman-Moroni	Ether 6-11 Ether 6-11 Ether 6-11
Saving Talents: Devotionals & FHE for Children	Ether 6-11
Grounded with Barbara Morgan	Ether 6-11
Our Mothers Knew It	Ether 6-11 (Not Yet Posted)
Hurricane Utah Adult Religion Class, Book of Mormon	Ether 6-11 The Rise & Fall of the Jaredites Video Notes Slides

Resources and Insights for this Week's Lesson  

The Book of Mormon: A Cultural and Religious Exploration

My apologies for not preparing lesson materials in the past few weeks. My husband and I just became grandparents, and I took some time off to spend with my family and catch up on some other things that needed my attention.

As I could not post the last few weeks, I wanted to include some insights from our past lesson materials, particularly information about the stones touched by the Lord's finger. The concept of "stones" is quite intriguing, especially considering the significant symbolic meaning of stones in ancient Israelite culture. Thus, investigating these concepts as they appear in scripture can be very enlightening. The Hebrew word for stone is אֶ֫בֶן Eben, as in "Here I raise my Ebenezer." Eben ezer means a "stone of help."

The Savior frequently taught through parables, and as Jehovah was ultimately the teacher of the Old Testament, it is not surprising to see multiple parables running through all scripture, especially through symbolic devices, such as using everyday objects to teach important doctrinal principles.

The Significance of Stones in the Old Testament and Their Relation to the Brother of Jared’s Stones

Stones in the Bible

1. Memorials and Covenants:

   • Stones often served as memorials or covenantal markers in the Old Testament. For example, Jacob’s pillar (Genesis 28:18-22) commemorated his vision of the ladder to heaven, symbolizing a connection between God and humanity. Similarly, Joshua’s twelve stones (Joshua 4:6-9) memorialized Israel’s crossing of the Jordan River, signifying God’s diligence in keeping his promises.

2. Divine Communication and Revelation:

   • Urim and Thummim, used by priests, were stones employed for divine communication (Exodus 28:30). They were kept in the high priest's breastplate of righteousness (or judgment). These stones symbolized the light and truth of God’s will and were tools used to aid revelation, closely paralleling the illuminated stones the Brother of Jared used.

3. Stones of Fire and Light:

   • Ezekiel 28:14 references stones of fire (ur, urim (plural form), "lights") as a symbolic depiction of divine radiance and the majesty of God’s glory. These stones evoke imagery of brilliance, sacred power, and a connection to the divine, resonating with the illuminated stones prepared by the Brother of Jared. Additionally, these stones parallel the gems embedded in the Breastplate of Righteousness, used alongside the Urim and Thummim by high priests to receive divine revelation. Each of the twelve stones on the breastplate was engraved with the name of one of the twelve tribes of Israel, symbolizing their covenant relationship with God and outlining the divinely ordained structure of priesthood governance. Together, these stones signify the sacred order and heavenly connection inherent in God’s plan for His people.

4. Stones as Symbols of Divine Presence:

   • The stone tablets of the Law (Exodus 31:18), inscribed by God's finger, served as tangible representations of His covenant with Israel. The Law (Torah) represents the light and enlightenment one can receive from observing and living by it. This concept of the Lord's finger touching the stone tablets also shares similarities with the brother of Jared's experience.

5. The Stone of Heaven:

   • The concept of Jesus Christ as the "stone," "rock," or "tablet" of heaven is a powerful and recurring theme in scripture. This imagery emphasizes His role as the sure and consistent foundation upon which individuals and communities must build their spiritual lives. The metaphor of Christ as the "rock" or "stone" highlights His eternal nature, reliability, and capacity to support and secure all who trust Him.

Biblical Imagery of Christ as the Rock

Old Testament Foundations

• The Rock as a Symbol of God’s Strength:

  • In the Old Testament, rocks often symbolize stability, permanence, and protection. For instance:

    • Deuteronomy 32:4: "He is the Rock, His work is perfect: for all His ways are judgment."

    • God is portrayed as the ultimate source of strength, the unchanging foundation upon which His people can rely.

• The Stone as the Cornerstone:

  • Prophecies in the Old Testament identify a coming "stone" that would be essential for salvation:

    • Isaiah 28:16: "Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious cornerstone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste."

    • This cornerstone foreshadows Jesus Christ, who would become the foundation of salvation and the head of His covenant people.

• The Stone Cut Without Hands:

  • In Daniel 2:34-35, a stone "cut without hands" destroys the image of worldly kingdoms and grows into a mountain, filling the earth. This represents Christ and His kingdom, which will triumph and endure forever.

• Everlasting Rock:

  • In Isaiah 26:4, God is called the "everlasting rock" (Hebrew: Tzur olamim). This title underscores Christ’s eternal nature, reminding us that He is the same yesterday, today, and forever (Hebrews 13:8).

  • Just as houses built on rock withstand storms, lives anchored in Christ remain firm during trials. Helaman 5:12 captures this principle beautifully:

    • "It is upon the rock of our Redeemer, who is Christ, the Son of God, that ye must build your foundation; that when the devil shall send forth his mighty winds, yea, his shafts in the whirlwind...it shall have no power over you."

• Stones in Visionary Experiences:

  • Moses and the Sapphire Pavement:

    • When Moses, Aaron, and the elders saw God on Mount Sinai, the ground beneath His feet appeared as a sapphire pavement (Exodus 24:10). This "stone of heaven" symbolized divine majesty and the sanctity of the encounter. This type of imagery is also reflected in John's visionary account in the Book of Revelation.

  • Ezekiel’s Vision:

    • Ezekiel describes fiery stones near God’s throne (Ezekiel 28:14), a primary example of throne theophany, representing God's divine light and glory. These stones of fire are metaphors for God’s light, splendor, holiness, and power.

• Heavenly Materials in Temple Symbolism:

  • Ancient temples incorporated stones and materials symbolizing the cosmos and divine connection. The breastplate of judgment, adorned with gemstones, reflected heavenly order and divine revelation. The stones in these settings are often seen as earthly representations of celestial realities.

• Enoch and Noah's Token of the Rainbow:

  • In Genesis 9:13-17, God established the rainbow as a sign of His covenant with Noah, promising never to destroy the earth by flood again. The rainbow, with its vibrant spectrum, symbolizes God’s mercy, power, faithfulness, and His enduring covenant with all of humanity. The Breastplate of Righteousness was a token and reminder of this covenant, worn by the high priest in ancient Israel (Exodus 28:15-21). The breastplate of judgment, adorned with gemstones, reflected heavenly order and divine revelation. In multiple throne theophanic experiences, God's throne is described as being surrounded by a rainbow (Revelation 4:3, Ezekiel 1:28, JST Genesis 9:21-25). The stones in these settings are often seen as earthly representations of celestial realities.

    
    

  • The breastplate featured twelve gemstones, each representing one of the twelve tribes of Israel. These stones, vibrant in color, symbolized the covenant between God and His people. Each stone celebrated the unique attributes and diversity of each tribe and its members. Though the exact colors of the stones are debated due to translation variations, if one considers the symbolic principles of light that these stones are intended to represent, particularly in connection to Noah and Enoch's descriptions of the rainbow and its associated division of light, one can observe some fascinating details and insights:

    
    

    • Odem אֹדֶם "Ruby, Sardis" (Reuben): Red, symbolizing love, worth, blood, and sacrifice.

    • Pit'dah פִּטְדָה "Topaz, Peridot" (Simeon): Golden-green-yellow, symbolizing divine illumination and glory.

    • Baraqet בָּרֶקֶת "Emerald, Carbuncle" (Levi): Green, representing growth and life.

    • Nopek נֹפֶךְ "Turquoise" (Judah): Humility, Balance, Wisdom, & Healing

    • Sapir סַפִּיר "Sapphire, Lapis Lazuli" (Dan): Blue, signifying heavenly realms and divine law.

    • Yahalom "Moonstone, Diamond" (Nephtali): Pale yellow, clear, or white, symbolizing light, clarity, purity, and righteousness.

    • Leshem לֶשֶׁם "Hyacinth" (Gad): Purple or pink, (like the flowers), symbolic of virtue and integrity

    • Shevo שְׁבוֹ "Agate" (Asher): Multicolored, signifying unity and diversity, agency, and accountability.

    • Ahlamah אַחְלָמָה "Jacinth, Amathyst" (Zabulon): Purple or Burnt Orange, reflecting nobility, order, vibrancy, and zeal.

    • Tarshish תַּרְשִׁישׁ "Beryl or Gold/ Imperial Topaz" (Issachar): A symbol of power, alliances, covenant, and friendship

    • Soham שֹׁהַם "Carmellion or Onyx" (Joseph): Dark orange, black or layered, symbolizing depth, stability, restoration, and mystery.

    • Yashepeh יָֽשְׁפִה "Jasper" (Benjamin): Multicolored (red, purple, blue, etc.) "Polished, refined" symbolizing God’s glory and covenant fulfillment for all His people.

      
      

These symbolic stones and colors reflect God's divine attributes and the diversity and unity of His covenant people, each tribe contributing uniquely to His purposes and design. As one carefully considers the colors and organization of these stones, one can see intriguing parallels to the organization of the priesthood and government through its connection to the 12 Tribes and the 12 Apostles. In addition, fundamental principles of light and physics are also outlined, predating our modern understanding of their origins. These are understood today through various artistic and scientific principles such as color theory and the electromagnetic spectrum. Many other principles are also related to these concepts, such as unit and time measurement (scale, clock, calendar), music theory (the Circle of Fifths), and astronomy (constellation patterns. Notice that I did not say astrology, as this was a counterfeit and corrupted version of the original frequently associated with priestcraft, and it historically caused a great deal of confusion and misinformation). These principles encompass many other concepts as well, cycles (seasons, pride cycle, life cycle, Hero's Journey), tools (compass, Liahona), and traditions (Israelite Feast Day observance, Holidays).

When one really dives into the histories and the origins of these ancient traditions, one finds that these fundamental laws of physics, nature, and culture are all remarkably and intrinsically related because they were all likely derived from the same source. The governing premises for these doctrines were recorded in the Torah, manifest in the Choshen Mishpat, the "Breastplate of Judgement/ Justice/ Measure/ Divine Law/ Order." This demonstrates that these principles were understood long before scholars and philosophers of various times recorded their observations and theories. They are fundamental principles of truth that scholars and artists simply observe and learn to use.

Additionally, the account of the Brother of Jared teaches us that these fundamental principles predate even the records of Moses, Abraham, Noah, and Enoch. When properly understood, these principles highlight sacred patterns that have existed from the beginning, natural laws of order that have been revealed to those who dilligently seek and put in the work and sacrifice necessary to attain them, to various degrees. These divine patterns demonstrate that all things truly do testify of Jesus Christ, the light and life of the world. This divine knowledge and perspective expounds upon spiritual and natural laws and offers those who faithfully learn how to understand and interpret them with divine help, light, and insight.

New Testament Fulfillment

1. Christ as the Cornerstone:

   • The New Testament explicitly identifies Jesus as the cornerstone:

     • Ephesians 2:20: "[You are] built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Jesus Christ Himself being the chief cornerstone."

     • 1 Peter 2:6-8: Peter quotes Isaiah, referring to Christ as the "stone" chosen by God but rejected by men, emphasizing His role as both a foundation for believers and a stumbling block for those who reject Him.

2. The Rock of Revelation:

   • In Matthew 16:18, Jesus tells Peter: "Upon this rock (Petros, Peter) I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it." While Peter’s name means "rock," the true foundation is Christ Himself and the revelation of His divine role as the Son of God.

   • The rock represents Christ’s divinity, His atonement, and the eternal truths He reveals.

3. Christ as the Unshakable Foundation:

   • Matthew 7:24-25 compares those who follow Christ to wise builders who build on a rock:

     • "Therefore whosoever heareth these sayings of mine, and doeth them, I will liken him unto a wise man, which built his house upon a rock."

     • The "rock" is Christ and His teachings, which provide stability amidst life’s storms.

The Stones of the Brother of Jared as "Stones of Heaven"

The sixteen stones prepared by the Brother of Jared parallel the concept of the "stone of heaven," and the "stones of fire" in several ways:

1. Divine Light and Presence:

   • After being touched by the Lord, the stones became sources of light and illumination. This action imbued them with heavenly properties, making them instruments of divine guidance during the Jaredite journey.

   • Like the sapphire stones beneath God’s feet or the fiery stones in Ezekiel’s vision, these stones radiated light that symbolized divine reflection, interaction, and intervention.

   • The stones in the breastplate were believed to illuminate God’s truth. These 12 stones represented the tribes of Israel and were associated with divine revelation that was interpreted through the Urim and Thummim. These stones connected the high priest to God’s will, serving as mediators of divine guidance, like a spiritual compass. The stones of the Brother of Jared, glowing through God’s touch, also radiated divine light, symbolizing God’s presence during the Jaredite journey.

2. Tools of Revelation:

   • The stones not only provided physical illumination but also served as a reminder of God's light, which he willingly shared with the Brother of Jared because of his extraordinary faith and diligence. This experience shares many similarities with the Urim and Thummim, divine instruments that provided divine revelation to those who faithfully learned how to utilize them.

3. Connection to the Throne of God:

   • The Brother of Jared saw the Lord's finger touch the stones. Similar to Moses and Ezekiel’s experiences with heavenly stones and tablets, this vision represents a theophanic experience, where God’s throne, his law, and divine insights were revealed. The stones thus symbolize divine order, knowledge, approval, and sanctification.

4. Material Transformed by God:

   • The stones, simple and earthly in origin, were transformed into heavenly objects through the Master's touch. This reflects the theme of divine transformation, where ordinary materials/people become sacred through contact with God (e.g., the burning bush, the tree of life, manna from heaven).

5. The Breastplate Stones as "Stones of Heaven":

   • The twelve stones on the high priest’s breastplate represented the tribes of Israel and were associated with divine revelation through the Urim and Thummim. These stones connected the high priest to God’s will and served as mediators for translation, interpretation and divine guidance.

   • Similarly, the stones of the Brother of Jared mediated divine illumination, guiding the Jaredites through darkness. These tools were also used as interpreters and some of them were even passed down to Joseph Smith to aid him with interpreting the Book of Mormon (D&C 10:1; 17:1).

6. Fire and Light in Stones:

   • The stones in the breastplate reflected divine light and were believed to illuminate with God’s truth. The stones of the Brother of Jared, glowing through God’s touch, also radiated divine light, symbolizing God’s presence during the Jaredite journey. We are told in D&C 130 that at the last day, the earth will be sanctified, and it will be made like unto a crystal Urim and Thummim, where all things pertaining to the lower and higher order of the kingdom will be manifest and made known to its inhabitants.

Modern Parallels: The Stones and the Light Bulb

1. Stones as Proto-Light Bulbs:

   • The glowing stones of the Brother of Jared prefigure the concept of modern electric light bulbs. At the time of Joseph Smith, the idea of creating artificial light from electricity had not yet been conceived; the first practical light bulb would not be developed until around 1880, fifty years after Joseph Smith translated the Book of Mormon.

   • The glowing stones, powered by divine energy, resemble light bulbs in their function—providing illumination in darkness without combustion or natural fuel sources.

     
     

2. Divine Energy and Transformation:

   • Like modern light bulbs transform electrical energy into light, the stones were transformed into sources of divine light through God’s power. This miraculous illumination, which did not require wires or battery packs, demonstrates a transcendent understanding of energy and light, far surpassing the technological knowledge of Joseph Smith's time and even our modern understanding.

     
     

   • This might lead one to wonder how much ancient civilizations actually understood. For example, the ancient Minoans had indoor hot and cold plumbing, which included flushable toilets, back in 1700 BC. This technology was not rediscovered until 1592 AD, and it did not become accessible to the public until the 1860s. Even then, most people used outhouses until the mid-1900s, when indoor plumbing finally became widely accessible.

     
     

   • Scholars now believe the Egyptians understood how to utilize Sonic frequencies in their construction projects. Sonic frequencies are sound waves that oscillate at various speeds, measured in hertz (Hz). Depending on their frequency, these waves can have different physical effects on materials. Ancient Egyptian architecture and artifacts demonstrate an advanced understanding of sound that may have helped them drill holes in hard stones like granite and diorite, materials far too tough for the copper tools accessible to them. Many experts propose that the Egyptians cut through these materials using sonic or vibrational techniques. By generating vibrational energy at specific frequencies, they could have weakened the stone's molecular structure, making it easier to drill or shape.

     
     

   • Today, scientists and engineers are only beginning to harness the power of sound waves in ways that mirror ancient Egyptian practices, with applications in industries like energy, medicine, and construction. For example, Oil companies use sonic drilling and ultrasonic drilling to bore through hard rock and soil layers. This technology employs high-frequency vibrations to reduce resistance and friction, allowing drill bits to penetrate tough geological formations with minimal energy. Ultrasonic cutters can precisely shape hard materials like glass and ceramics. Medical ultrasonography uses sound waves to visualize structures within the body. These observations indicate that an advanced understanding of resonance and sonic principles was lost over time as ancient knowledge declined. Researchers have only begun to rediscover the potential of sound waves for industrial applications in recent decades. The complexity of ancient Egyptian techniques and their focus on acoustics and resonance suggest they possessed knowledge that modern science is just beginning to understand.

     
     

3. Symbol of Enlightenment:

   • The stones represent not only physical light but also spiritual enlightenment. This dual symbolism mirrors how technological advancements like the light bulb, indoor plumbing, and sonic vibrations have come to represent progress through a rediscovery and restoration of ancient knowledge.

Additional Resources:

• FAIR Study Resources for Come, Follow Me

• Interpreter Radio Show: October 27, 2024

• Nibley Book of Mormon Lectures: Come, Follow Me Lesson 47

• Come, Follow Me Study and Teaching Helps — Lesson 45: Ether 6-11

• Audio Roundtable: Come, Follow Me Book of Mormon Lesson 45 (Ether 6-11)

• The Dance of Reader and Text: Salomé, the Daughter of Jared, and the Regal Dance of Death

• Gazelem the Jaredite

• “The Great and Terrible Judgments of the Lord”: Destruction and Disaster in 3 Nephi and the Geology of Mesoamerica

• Getting Cain and Gain

• Interpreting Interpreter: Plagiarizing Salomé?

• Scripture Roundtable: Book of Mormon Gospel Doctrine Lesson 45, “Never Has Man Believed in Me As Thou Hast”

• The Jaredites—A Case Study in Following the Brethren

• Ether 6-11 John Welch Notes

• Discussions on the Book of Mormon - Ether 1-6

• Discussions on the Book of Mormon - Ether 7-11

• Hugh Nibley's Honors Book of Mormon Lectures 1988-1990 (Lecture 110)

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Overview

Ether 6

In Ether 6, the Jaredite journey to the promised land begins as the people board their divinely designed barges and embark on their transoceanic voyage. Throughout their journey, they experience both perilous storms and miraculous protection, illustrating their reliance on God and His power. Once they reach the promised land, the Jaredites offer thanks to the Lord and begin to establish a society. The chapter also introduces the Jaredite system of kings, detailing the succession from Orihah, the first king, to his descendants. Ether 6 highlights themes of faith, gratitude, divine guidance, and the influence of governance on a people’s spiritual trajectory.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• Faith and Divine Guidance through Adversity:

  • The Jaredite voyage exemplifies the theme of trusting in God’s guidance even amid trials. Their faith, especially in times of danger, allows them to overcome challenges and reach the promised land safely.

  • Parallel to the Israelite Exodus and Wilderness Journey:

    • The Jaredites’ journey across the ocean is reminiscent of the Israelite Exodus. Like the Israelites, the Jaredites face challenges that test their faith but are ultimately brought to a land of promise. Their reliance on God’s guidance, especially through storms, mirrors the Israelites’ reliance on God’s guidance through the wilderness.

    • The Jaredite Exodus: A Literary Perspective of a Historical Narrative

• Gratitude and Acknowledgment of God’s Role:

  • Upon reaching the promised land, the Jaredites’ first act is to give thanks to God. This emphasizes the importance of gratitude in acknowledging divine help and blessing, especially when one receives a covenantal inheritance.

  • Gratitude as a Covenant Response:

    • The Jaredites’ immediate expression of gratitude upon reaching the promised land underscores the cultural and spiritual importance of thanksgiving in covenant relationships. In both ancient Israel and Jaredite society, gratitude is not merely a response to blessings but an acknowledgment of one’s covenantal obligations and dependence on God.

• Warnings and Consequences of Monarchy:

  • The establishment of kingship among the Jaredites introduces a complex dynamic. Although Orihah is a righteous king, the system of monarchy will later lead to moral and societal decline. This theme reflects concerns in both the Book of Mormon and Bible about the potential for corruption when too much power is concentrated in one individual.

  • Warnings Against the Dangers of Monarchy:

    • The brother of Jared’s reluctance to establish a monarchy reflects a cautionary view similar to that in the Old Testament. In 1 Samuel 8, God warns Israel of the risks associated with kingship, including potential oppression and deviation from covenantal principles. The subsequent history of the Jaredite kings will illustrate these potential pitfalls, reinforcing the theme that power can lead to pride and corruption.

• Spiritual Strength in Community:

  • The Jaredites’ practice of singing praises during their journey highlights the importance of music and community worship. In many ancient societies, few people were literate, and music was one of the primary ways in which the gospel was preserved and passed down to later generations. Music is a powerful tool that can aid retention, preserve accuracy, and heighten meaning and expression. The Jaredite's use of music as a means of worship demonstrates their diligence in learning, preserving, and teaching the Gospel message while demonstrating their collective gratitude through unity and a collective focus on God.

  • Community Worship and Spiritual Resilience:

    • The Jaredites’ practice of praising God together reflects the power of communal worship in sustaining faith. Singing praises during trials fosters unity and spiritual resilience, highlighting the importance of individual and collective faith in enduring hardship. Music was a tool that even Christ utilized during his Atonement. Most of the phrases recorded in the New Testament during the events of his Crucifixion were phrases from songs. These songs provided comfort and strength to him and his loved ones. In both Jewish and Christian traditions, communal worship music can be used to comfort and strengthen the bonds within the faith community.

• Literary and Linguistic Observations:

  • Ether 6 and the Plan of Salvation

  • Some Test Cases from the Book of Ether

  • Present Participle Adjuncts in the Book of Mormon

• Cultural & Geological Observations:

  • Appendix 2: Glowing Stones in Ancient and Medieval Lore

  • Glowing Stones in Ancient and Medieval Lore

  • New Light on the Shining Stones of the Jaredites

  • By Land or by Sea? Revisiting the Bering Straits

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 6	The Lord Appears to the Brother of Jared
Verses 1-4: The Departure and Divine Protection	Where did the Brother of Jared Get the Idea of Shining Stones?
Boarding the Barges: After collecting the stones touched by the Lord, the Jaredites and their families load their supplies and enter the barges. They express faith in God’s design, having been commanded to travel across the ocean to a promised land. Commencement of the Voyage: As they begin their journey, the Jaredites face intense winds and waves that drive them forward. These elements, though dangerous, are directed by the Lord, who ensures that the winds propel them toward their destination. God provides light (ur, urim) to shine in the darkness.	Faith / Trust Hebrew word: בִּטָּחוֹן (Bitachon) — "Trust," "faith." Root: בטח Examples: Proverbs 3:5-6, Psalms 91:2, Jeremiah 17:7 The Jaredites demonstrate profound bitachon, a Hebrew term denoting absolute trust in God’s care and guidance. Their unwavering faith during storms represents the ultimate form of trust in divine providence, comparable to Israel’s reliance on God during their wilderness journey. Bitachon does not imply that life will be free of difficulties. Instead, it reflects a belief that everything, even challenges, is orchestrated by God for a greater purpose. It helps one to maintain peace of mind by trusting that God’s plans are ultimately for the best. Emunah (faith) is the intellectual acknowledgment of God’s existence and sovereignty. Bitachon is the emotional and practical application of that belief, demonstrating reliance on God in everyday life.
Verses 5-9: The Journey across the Ocean	Trials as Blessings
Protection through Storms: The Jaredites experience many violent storms, but their faith remains firm as they sing praises to God throughout the journey. They are sometimes submerged under the waves, yet they emerge safely each time due to the watertight design of the barges. Praising the Lord: Despite the challenging journey, the Jaredites praise the Lord continually, attributing their safety and progress to His power. Their faith and gratitude serve as a testament to their reliance on God, even in the face of danger.	Praise Hebrew word: תְּהִלָּה (Tehillah) — "Praise." Throughout their journey, the Jaredites offered continual tehillah, or praise, to God. In Hebrew culture, tehillah reflects a form of worship that acknowledges God’s protection and greatness. Their songs of praise amid hardship illustrated their gratitude and reliance on God’s sustaining power, echoing the Psalms (Tehllim), where believers praise God in all circumstances. In the Book Episode 15: "Baptism, Her Baby, and the Book on the Shelf: Maureen Sederberg". Is the Book of Mormon Musical?
Verses 10-12: Arrival in the Promised Land
Landing Safely: After 344 days on the ocean, the Jaredites arrive safely in the promised land. Upon disembarking, they kneel down and pour out their gratitude to the Lord, recognizing His hand in bringing them to safety. A Covenant of Thanksgiving: Their immediate response of worship and gratitude emphasizes the Jaredites’ covenantal relationship with God. By thanking Him first, they acknowledge that the promised land is a gift contingent upon their continued faith and obedience.	Covenant Hebrew word: בְּרִית (Berith) — "Covenant." When the Jaredites arrive in the promised land and express gratitude, they reaffirm their covenantal relationship with God. The concept of berith implies a sacred agreement; the Jaredites recognize the land as a divine gift and reaffirm their commitment to God’s commandments, similar to Israel’s covenant with God upon entering Canaan. Thanksgiving / Gratitude Hebrew word: הוֹדָיָה (Hodayah, Huyadot) — Songs of "Thanksgiving," "gratitude." The Jaredites’ thanksgiving upon arriving in the promised land aligns with the concept of hodayah, a Hebrew term for offering thanks and acknowledging God’s role in their success. In Jewish tradition, gratitude is central to worship and the relationship with God, as seen in regular prayers of thanksgiving.
Verses 13-15: Establishing a New Society
Founding of a Jaredite Nation: The Jaredites begin to settle in the promised land, establishing a community based on faith in God. The people multiply and prosper as they establish themselves in this new land.
Verses 16-30: The Reign of Orihah and Succession of Kings
Request for a King: Jared and his brother are approached by the people, who ask for a king to govern them. Though Jared’s brother is hesitant and warns against it, the people insist, desiring a centralized leadership.. Orihah Becomes the First King: After initial reluctance, Jared and his brother anoint Orihah, one of Jared’s sons, as the first king. Orihah’s reign is marked by righteousness, and he follows the teachings of his fathers, leading the people in righteousness. Generational Succession and Challenges: Orihah’s descendants continue to reign after him, but with each new king, the challenges of maintaining righteousness become evident. Some kings follow in Orihah’s righteous example, while others lead the people astray. Warnings Against Kingship: The reluctance of Jared’s brother to establish a monarchy foreshadows the potential pitfalls of a kingship, as future generations will struggle with the moral integrity of their leaders. This sets up a recurring theme in Jaredite history regarding the dangers of centralized power and pride.	King / Monarchy Hebrew word: מֶלֶךְ (Melek) — "King." The establishment of a king (melek) among the Jaredites introduces both order and risk. The Hebrew Bible often warns against the dangers of monarchy, as seen in 1 Samuel 8, where the Israelites demand a king despite God’s warnings. Here, Jared’s brother’s reluctance mirrors this biblical caution, suggesting an awareness of the potential spiritual challenges of centralized power.

Ether 7

Ether 7 narrates the early stages of the Jaredite monarchy, focusing on the reign of Orihah and the subsequent kings who rise to power. Orihah, the son of Jared, establishes a righteous rule, fostering peace and prosperity. However, after his death, subsequent kings face challenges with pride, power struggles, and internal conflict. This chapter introduces a recurring pattern in Jaredite history: cycles of righteousness followed by pride, rebellion, and eventual repentance. The chapter emphasizes the potential for both righteousness and corruption within a monarchy and highlights the consequences of pride and the need for humility.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• The Potential and Pitfalls of Monarchy:

  • The reigns of Orihah and Shule demonstrate that a monarchy can foster righteousness when led by just rulers. However, the ambitions of Corihor and Noah reveal the potential dangers of kingship, including pride and power struggles.

  • Patterns of Righteous and Wicked Kings:

    • The recurring theme of righteous and wicked kings is seen in both Jaredite and Israelite history. Just as the kings of Israel varied in their faithfulness to God, so too do the Jaredite kings. This variability in leadership quality contributes to the cyclical nature of pride, rebellion, and repentance, which becomes a defining pattern in Jaredite society.

• Cycles of Pride, Rebellion, and Repentance:

  • Ether 7 establishes a recurring pattern in Jaredite history: periods of righteousness followed by pride-induced rebellion, leading to conflict and eventually repentance. This cycle underscores the importance of humility and faithfulness to God.

  • Pride as a Source of Division:

    • The ambition-driven rebellions by Corihor and Noah illustrate the dangers of pride within a monarchy. In both Jaredite and Israelite traditions, pride is often depicted as a divisive force that leads to downfall. The Jaredite kings’ struggles with pride serve as a warning about the corrupting influence of unchecked ambition and self-interest.

• Prophets as Guides and Correctors:

  • Prophets play a vital role in calling the people to repentance. Their presence serves as a divine check on the monarchy, urging the people to turn back to God when they stray.

  • Prophets as Checks on Royal Power:

    • The role of prophets in Ether 7 mirrors the function of prophets in ancient Israel, where they served as divine checks on the monarchy’s power. Prophets in both societies called rulers and citizens to repentance, offering a voice of conscience in times of moral decline. Their influence ensured that divine laws, rather than solely human ambitions, remained a guiding force in society.

• Justice, Mercy, and Leadership:

  • Shule’s decision to forgive Noah, even after Noah’s rebellion, exemplifies the balance of justice and mercy in righteous leadership. This highlights the qualities of compassion and fairness in maintaining a stable and unified kingdom.

  • Forgiveness as a Tool for Unity:

    • Shule’s decision to forgive Noah reflects the cultural and spiritual value of forgiveness as a means of preserving unity. In both Jewish and Christian traditions, forgiveness is seen as essential for communal harmony, allowing individuals and groups to move past conflicts. Shule’s mercy toward Noah exemplifies the potential for compassion to restore peace and prevent further division.

• Cultural Insights:

  • Vikings, Iron, and the Book of Mormon

  • Out of the Dust: Steel in Early Metallurgy

  
  

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 7
Verses 1-3: Reign of Orihah
Orihah’s Righteous Reign: Orihah reigns in righteousness, adhering to the teachings of his father and uncle. His judgement brings peace and prosperity to the people, who thrive under his leadership. Establishing a Stable Kingdom: Under Orihah’s leadership, the Jaredites multiply and enjoy prosperity. His reign is characterized by faithfulness to God, resulting in a stable and flourishing society.	Righteousness Hebrew word: צֶדֶק (Tzedek) — "Righteousness," "justice." Tzedek signifies moral uprightness and adherence to God’s commandments. Orihah’s and Shule’s reigns are marked by tzedek, as they lead the people with justice and faithfulness. In Hebrew thought, tzedek is the foundation of good governance, aligning leaders with divine will and ensuring the community’s well-being.
Verses 4-7: The Rise of Power Struggles and Ambition
Corihor’s Rebellion: Corihor, a grandson of Orihah, rebels against his father Kib, and seeks to overthrow him. Corihor is enticed by false doctrines and philosophies, he leads many people over to the lands that would later become associated with Nehor. Corihor's ambition marks the first instance of internal conflict within the Jaredite monarchy, driven by pride and desire for power. Usurpation of the Throne: Corihor succeeds in taking the throne, forcing Kib to relinquish his kingship. This conflict introduces the theme of rivalry and rebellion as recurring challenges in the Jaredite monarchy.	Rebellion Hebrew word: מֶרִי (Meri) — "bitter," Rebellion," "defiance." פָּשַׁע (pâshaʻ) — "to rebel, revolt, apostatize, transgress" Meri and pashta denotes a willful and contentious defiance against authority. Corihor’s and Noah’s rebellions against righteous kings represent meri, or defiance rooted in unrighteous pride and ambition (Proverbs 16:18). In the Hebrew Bible, meri is often associated with spiritual consequences, as rebellion against rightful authority reflects a rejection of divine order.
Verses 8-11: Shule’s Retaliation and Restoration of the Kingdom
Shule’s Rise and Restoration: Shule, another son of Kib who was born in captivity, opposes his brother’s rebellion and seeks to restore the kingdom to his father's righteous line. Gathering followers, Shule engages in battle, defeats Corihor, and restores Kib's throne. Shule as King: After reclaiming the throne, Kib establishes Shule as king. He is a righteous leader who promotes justice and reestablishes peace in the kingdom.
Verses 10-22: Rebellion of Noah and Division of the Kingdom
Noah’s Ambition: Noah, the son of the repentant Corihor, rebels against both Shule and his father, seizing the throne by force and briefly dividing the kingdom. Shule, however, retaliates decisively, assassinating Noah to reclaim his rule. This act of rebellion introduces further instability, as Noah's son continues to rule over his father's followers, underscoring how unchecked pride and ambition foster division and fragmentation within the kingdom. Fractured Kingdom: Cohor, the son of Noah continues to rebel against Shule. However, his son, Nimrod, after receiving the thone of his father, repents and returns the kindom to Shule.
Verses 23-27: The Role of Prophets and the Cycle of Repentance	A Steady, Reassuring Voice - Elder Hales
Prophets Warn the People: Prophets are sent among the people, warning them of the consequences of their idolatry and sins, urging them to repent. The prophets are mocked and ridiculed. Shule establishes laws to protect them. Repentance and Restoration: The people heed the prophets’ warnings, repent, and turn back to God. This period of repentance brings blessings and prosperity, illustrating the connection between humility, obedience, and divine favor. Shule is remembered for his righteous judgement and leadership.	Prophet Hebrew word: נָבִיא (Navi) — "Prophet," "spokesperson." A navi is a prophet who acts as God’s mouthpiece, calling the people to repentance and offering divine guidance. The prophets in Ether 7 serve this role, warning the Jaredites of the consequences of their sins and encouraging them to return to righteousness. Prophets are seen as spiritual leaders with authority from God, providing correction when societal values deviate from divine commandments.. Mercy Hebrew word: רַחֲמִים (Rachamim) — "Mercys," "compassions." Rachamim signifies mercy and compassion, qualities demonstrated by Shule when he forgives Nimrod after his father's rebellion. In Hebrew tradition, rachamim is a divine attribute, often associated with forgiveness and compassion toward others. Shule’s actions reflect this principle, showing that a righteous leader tempers justice with mercy to foster unity and peace. Pride Hebrew word: גָּאוֹן (Ga’on) — "Pride," "arrogance." Ga’on denotes a sense of pride or arrogance that can lead to downfall, as seen in Corihor’s and Noah’s ambitions. In the Old Testament, ga’on is often viewed as a precursor to destruction, since pride leads individuals to reject divine guidance and pursue personal gain. The theme of ga’on as a destructive force is evident in Ether 7, where pride brings internal division and conflict.

Ether 8

Ether 8 describes the continuation of Jaredite political intrigue, ambition, and the rise of secret combinations. After the death of Shule, the kingdom experiences a tumultuous period marked by power struggles and conspiracies. Akish, a central figure in the chapter, is introduced as an ambitious man who seeks to gain power through covert means. The chapter introduces the theme of secret combinations—secret societies founded on oaths, violence, and wickedness that destabilize governments and societies. Ether 8 serves as a warning against the dangers of unchecked ambition, secret conspiracies, and the spiritual and societal consequences of covenant-breaking.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• Dangers of Secret Combinations:

  • Secret combinations are presented as a pervasive threat that undermines societies. This chapter emphasizes that these groups, bound by wicked oaths, lead to destruction by fostering mistrust, violence, and moral decay.

  • Secret Combinations in Historical and Biblical Context:

    • The concept of secret societies is found in both biblical and ancient history. In Jewish tradition, groups bound by oaths and secrecy were often viewed with suspicion and associated with rebellion against legitimate authority. The Book of Mormon’s condemnation of secret combinations reflects the fear of destabilizing, hidden organizations that undermine social and spiritual order.

• Consequences of Ambition and Betrayal:

  • Jared and Akish’s conspiracies are rooted in ambition and lead to betrayal, murder, and societal breakdown. The narrative shows how unchecked ambition can lead to the destruction of individuals, families, and kingdoms.

  • Divine Justice and Societal Accountability:

    • Moroni’s warning underscores a belief in collective accountability. In both the Bible and the Book of Mormon, nations are judged based on their moral conduct. This belief reflects ancient Israelite theology, where a community’s righteousness or wickedness determines its fate, as seen in Sodom and Gomorrah.

• Divine Judgment on Wicked Societies:

  • Moroni warns that societies permitting secret combinations will face divine judgment. He highlights the importance of maintaining moral integrity to avoid the fate of the Jaredites, who ultimately fall due to these conspiracies.

  • The Role of Oaths in Covenant and Corruption:

    • Oaths are traditionally associated with covenantal commitments in Hebrew culture, often used to establish bonds of loyalty and righteousness. However, in Ether 8, oaths are corrupted to ensure secrecy among conspirators. This perversion of oaths emphasizes the power of words and promises, which can either uphold righteousness or bind individuals to wickedness.

  • Ambition Leading to Societal Decay:

    • The ambition of Jared, his daughter, and Akish reflects the destructive potential of unchecked desires for power. Their actions lead to the spread of conspiracies that ultimately destabilize the Jaredite kingdom. This theme resonates with warnings in both the Bible and the Book of Mormon about the consequences of pride and the pursuit of power at the expense of moral integrity.

• Call to Vigilance and Repentance:

  • Moroni’s warning is directed at future generations, urging vigilance against secret combinations. His message stresses that awareness, repentance, and adherence to righteous principles are crucial to a society’s survival.

• Freedom as a Divine Principle:

  • Moroni’s warning about threats to freedom reflects the Book of Mormon’s view that liberty is a divine gift. In both the Jaredite and Nephite histories, societies that fail to uphold freedom often experience downfall. This principle aligns with Judeo-Christian teachings that God desires freedom for His people, as seen in Israel’s liberation from Egyptian bondage.

• Cultural Insights:

  • A Comparison of Nephite Law Lists

  • Getting Cain and Gain

  • Gentiles in the Book of Mormon

• Literary and Linguistic Observations:

  • Gazelem the Jaredite

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 8
Verses 1-8: Introduction of Secret Combinations through Jared and Akish
Plot to Seize Powed (the son of Omer) seizes the throne of his father. His brothers rise up against him but spare him out of out of pity. Jared's daughter, devises a plan get the kingdom back for her father.	Secret Combination Hebrew concept: סוֹד רָע (Sod Ra) — "Evil counsel/agency," "secret society." The idea of a secret combination reflects sod ra, or evil counsel, in Hebrew. Sod means “counsel” or “secret assembly,” often used in contexts where people plot or conspire, such as when Joseph's brothers plotted to stage his murder described in Gen 49:6. This concept is used in Psalm 64:2 (“Hide me from the secret counsel of the wicked”). In Ether 8, secret combinations act as societies of evil counsel, where members use oaths to commit and conceal acts of wickedness.
Verses 9-18: Secret Combinations
Devising the Plan: Jared's daughter reminds Jared of ancient records that outline example of Secret Combinations. Drawing from these examples, Jared's daughter plots to seduce Akish, a powerful man, and a "friend" of Omer the king. She instructs Jared to facilitate a marriage proposal in exchange for the head of Omer. Similar to the later account of Solome in the New Testament, who danced before King Herod in exchange for John the Baptist's head, Jared's daughter's scheme is successful and Akish agrees to help Jared assassinate King Omer. Establishing a Secret Covenant: Akish agrees to help Jared, but only after an oath of secrecy is made. This marks the establishment of the first known secret combination in Jaredite history. Murder and Betrayal: Akish and his followers swear an oath to kill King Omer. This conspiracy involves solemn oaths to protect the conspirators and commit murder for power, drawing from practices that were handed down from Cain and developed by the devil himself. Akish orchestrates the assassination attempt, but Omer is warned by the Lord in a dream and escapes, preserving his life and reign (next chapter). Influence of Wicked Oaths: The chapter details how these oaths and secret combinations originate from earlier sources, citing Cain, who was the first to enter into a murderous covenant for personal gain. This dark tradition was passed down for generations, indicating the persistent presence of evil throughout human history. This is a stark contrast to dealings of the Lord, who does not operate in darkness, or in secret, and be does not desire the shedding of blood, rather he condemns and forbids these wicked and abominable practices.	Oath Hebrew word: שְׁבוּעָה (Shevuah) — "Oath," "pledge." אָלָה (ʼâlâh) — "swearing" Shevuah is a Hebrew term for oath, often denoting a solemn promise made in a covenant context, such as those made between Abraham and Abimelech in Genesis 26 and Deuteronomy 29. However, in Ether 8, these oaths are perverted and corrupted to bind members of secret combinations to commit murder and other crimes. This contrasts with righteous oaths found in the Old Testament, which are meant to honor commitments to God or uphold justice.
Verses 18-26: Consequences of Secret Combinations	Secret Combinations Destroy Civilizations -Elder Ballard Why Did Moroni Comment So Much Throughout Ether?
Akish’s Reign through Treachery: (Spoiler for next chapter) With Omer in exile, Akish takes the throne. However, his rule is marked by violence, betrayal, and internal power struggles. His own family becomes divided, and his reign becomes increasingly unstable due to the very conspiracies he fostered. Warning from Moroni: Moroni pauses the narrative to warn future readers of the dangers of secret combinations. He explains that such conspiracies are designed by Satan to overthrow the freedom of nations and lead people into darkness. Caution for Future Generations: Moroni calls on future societies, especially those in the “promised land,” to beware of these combinations. He emphasizes that failure to root out such evil could lead to destruction, as it did for the Jaredites.. Responsibility of Nations: Moroni urges all nations to reject secret combinations and wicked oaths, explaining that these groups seek to destroy freedom, peace, and societal stability. Call to Righteousness: Moroni emphasizes that the Lord will destroy any nation that allows these combinations to flourish, stressing the need for repentance and vigilance. His warning is that these conspiracies lead to the spiritual and physical downfall of societies.	Violence Hebrew word: חָמָס (Chamas) — "Violence," "wrongdoing." Chamas denotes violence, wrongdoing, or oppression. In Genesis 6:11, chamas is used to describe the corruption on earth before the flood. The secret combinations in Ether 8 introduce chamas into Jaredite society, spreading violence and destabilizing the government.: Darkness Hebrew word: חֹשֶׁךְ (Choshech) — "Darkness," "ignorance," "obscurity" Choshech represents both physical darkness and spiritual ignorance. Moroni describes secret combinations as leading people into choshech, symbolic of moral and spiritual blindness. In Jewish thought, choshech is often associated with evil and separation from God’s light, a theme present in Ether 8 as conspiracies lead to moral decay. Freedom Greek word: ἐλευθερία (Eleutheria) — "Freedom," "liberty." Eleutheria in Greek represents personal and societal freedom. Moroni warns that secret combinations threaten eleutheria, as these conspiracies seek to subjugate and control others. This warning highlights the Book of Mormon’s emphasis on freedom as a divine right, underscoring that God intends for societies to be free from oppression and wicked governance.

Ether 9

Ether 9 continues the narrative of the Jaredite kings and the complex cycles of power, corruption, repentance, and occasional righteousness within their monarchy. Following the intrigue of secret combinations in the previous chapter, this chapter shows the lasting impact of these conspiracies on the Jaredite kingdom. The chapter details the reigns of various Jaredite kings, the rise and fall of power, and the consequences of pride and wickedness, which often lead to famine and pestilence as judgments from God. Ether 9 serves as both a historical account and a moral lesson on the consequences of corruption, pride, and forgetting God.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• Consequences of Secret Combinations:

  • Ether 9 reinforces that secret combinations bring about internal division, betrayal, and societal collapse. The repetition of these conspiracies reveals their destructive influence across generations, with each conspiracy leading to more instability and eventual divine judgment.

  • The Role of Secret Combinations in Societal Collapse:

    • Secret combinations in Ether 9 continue to destabilize Jaredite society, with each new generation experiencing the repercussions of past conspiracies. In ancient Israelite and other ancient Near Eastern societies, secret alliances and conspiracies were similarly viewed as subversive and threatening to social order, often leading to periods of unrest.

• Divine Judgments as a Call to Repentance:

  • Famine and pestilence serve as instruments of divine judgment, used to humble the Jaredites and bring them to repentance. These judgments highlight that God uses adversity to encourage His people to turn back to Him, often in response to prolonged periods of wickedness.

  • Famine and Plague as Divine Consequences:

    • Famine and pestilence are seen throughout biblical history as consequences of disobedience. In Ether 9, these judgments serve as corrective measures, aimed at bringing people to repentance. This reflects a view that God uses natural events to communicate disapproval and prompt spiritual reflection.

• The Cycle of Pride and Repentance:

  • The pattern of rising and falling due to pride, followed by repentance, underscores the Jaredite society’s struggle with spiritual resilience. This cycle serves as a cautionary tale, illustrating how prosperity can lead to pride, which in turn leads to moral decline and divine consequences.

  • Cycles of Righteousness and Corruption in Ancient Societies:

    • The Jaredite cycle of righteousness followed by corruption mirrors cycles seen in Israelite history, where periods of faithfulness to God lead to blessings, but prosperity often leads to pride and sin. This cycle emphasizes the difficulty of maintaining spiritual integrity over generations, especially in times of wealth and power.

• The Importance of Righteous Leadership:

  • The contrast between righteous and wicked kings highlights the impact of leadership on society. Righteous kings bring peace and prosperity, while wicked kings lead the people into sin and suffering. This theme suggests that the moral integrity of leaders significantly influences the well-being of a nation.

  • The chapter’s focus on the influence of righteous versus wicked kings highlights a belief in the importance of moral leadership. In both Jaredite and Israelite societies, a righteous king who upheld God’s laws could bring peace, while a corrupt ruler could lead the people into turmoil. This emphasis on leadership integrity serves as a reminder of the impact leaders have on the spiritual health of their societies.

  • The Jaredites—A Case Study in Following the Brethren

• Cultural and Geographical Insights:

  • Plausible Locations of the Final Battles

  • New Discoveries in Mexico on the Jaredite Period

  • ’The Great and Terrible Judgments of the Lord’: Destruction and Disaster in 3 Nephi and the Geology of Mesoamerica

  • Drought and Serpents

  • Notes and Communications: Drought and Serpents

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 9
Verses 1-6: The Downfall of Jared and Akish and the Journey of Omer
Omer Warned in a Dream to Flee: Like many ancient stewards, Omer was warned by God in a dream about the plot against him and his family. They depart and travel to a location by the seashore where the Nephites would later be destroyed. Reign and Turmoil of Jared & Akish: Jared's reign, established through treachery, is short lived. His circle is divided by secret combinations, leading to rebellion. Internal Conflict and Division: Akish plots against Jared and murders him upon his throne. This corruption weakens Akish, making him paranoid. He even questions the loyalty of his own children, causing one of his sons to be cast into prison where he dies. Amid the chaos, Omer, the legitimate king who had been overthrown by Akish, is restored to the throne. This return to power underscores the instability brought about by conspiracies and infighting.	Pride Hebrew word: גָּאוֹן (Ga’on) — "Pride," "arrogance." The term ga’on is often associated with a sense of self-importance or arrogance, which in the Hebrew Bible frequently precedes downfall. Ether 9’s recurring cycle of pride leading to suffering reflects this pattern, as pride blinds the Jaredites to the dangers of their actions and distances them from God’s guidance.
Verses 7-13: Internal Conflict and Division
Internal Conflict and Division: Akish plots against Jared and murders him upon his throne. This corruption weakens Akish, making him paranoid. He even questions the loyalty of his own children, causing one of his sons to be cast into prison where he dies. Nimrah, another son of Akish and brother of the deceased son gathers a small number of men who no longer trust Akish. They rebel and a war ensues between brothers. Omer’s Righteous Leadership: Amid the chaos, Omer, the legitimate king who had been overthrown by Akish, is restored to the throne. This return to power underscores the instability brought about by conspiracies and infighting. Emergence of New Generations and Threats: Omer’s descendants, though initially righteous, eventually fall into pride and wickedness. This cycle of righteousness and pride is repeated as each generation struggles to maintain spiritual commitment.
Verses 14-27: Temporary Peace and Prosperity followed by the return of Secret Combinations.
Emergence of New Generations and Threats: Omer’s descendants, though initially righteous, eventually fall into pride and wickedness. This cycle of righteousness and pride is repeated as each generation struggles to maintain spiritual commitment. New Conspiracies: Despite the warnings from previous generations, Heth, a descendant of Omer, becomes ambitious and conspires to take over the throne through secret combinations. He repeats the same mistakes of his predecessors, killing his father, Com, with his own sword, showing a lack of learning from the past. Revival of Wicked Practices: Secret combinations resurface as Jared seeks to gain power through sinister means, leading the Jaredites into further wickedness.
Verses 28-35: Prophets Warn of Plagues and Famine as Divine Judgments	Book of Mormon Evidence: Snake Infestation Why Did Snakes Infest Jaredite Lands During a Famine?
Judgments Upon the Land: As a result of the people’s wickedness and the prevalence of secret combinations, God sends a series of judgments upon the land, including a Snake infestation, famine and pestilence. These plagues are intended to humble the people and encourage repentance. Repentance and Relief: When the people begin to repent and remember God, the Lord shows mercy, ending the famine and bringing relief to the land. This demonstrates God’s willingness to forgive and bless those who turn back to Him, despite their previous sins.	Famine Hebrew word: רָעָב (Ra’av) — "Famine," "hunger." Ra’av signifies a scarcity of food, often viewed as a judgment from God for disobedience. In Deuteronomy 28, famine is listed as a consequence of Israel’s potential disobedience. The famine in Ether 9 mirrors this concept, where scarcity is a divine call to repentance, reminding the people of their reliance on God for sustenance. Plague / Pestilence Hebrew word: דֶּבֶר (Dever) — "Pestilence," "plague." Dever is often used to describe divine plagues meant to punish or correct. In the Bible, plagues are commonly seen as judgments, as with the plagues in Egypt. The pestilence in Ether 9 serves a similar purpose, compelling the Jaredites to reflect on their actions and seek God’s mercy.

Ether 10

Ether 10 details the succession of Jaredite kings, highlighting both righteous and wicked leaders and the effects of their rule on the kingdom. The chapter presents cycles of peace and prosperity under righteous kings and periods of violence, corruption, and decline under wicked ones. Ether 10 emphasizes themes of leadership integrity, divine justice, and the societal consequences of moral choices. Through these cycles, the chapter reveals how the character and values of leaders shape the nation’s spiritual health and stability.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• Cycles of Righteousness and Wickedness in Leadership:

  • Ether 10 showcases the impact of both righteous and wicked kings on the kingdom. Righteous leaders bring prosperity, peace, and divine blessings, while wicked rulers bring oppression, violence, and divine judgment.

  • Cycles of Leadership in Ancient Societies:

    • Ether 10’s cycles of righteous and wicked kings reflect a pattern seen in Israelite history. As in the Jaredite kingdom, periods of prosperity and peace under righteous kings in Israel often gave way to decline when leaders turned to idolatry and oppression, leading to divine judgment.

• Consequences of Ignoring Prophetic Warnings:

  • The chapter highlights the consequences of rejecting prophetic warnings. When the people ignore the prophets, they experience conflict and suffering, reinforcing the importance of heeding divine counsel.

  • The Role of Prophets as Societal Correctives:

    • Prophets in Ether 10 serve as correctives, calling society back to righteousness. In Jewish tradition, prophets were often voices of moral conscience, challenging rulers and the people to align with God’s commandments. This chapter illustrates the vital role of prophets in guiding society and providing a check on leadership.

• Influence of Secret Combinations and Corruption:

  • The return of secret combinations under Shiblom illustrates the persistent threat of hidden conspiracies in Jaredite society. These combinations are linked to social instability and violence, highlighting their corrosive influence on society.

  • Hidden Societies as Threats to Social Order:

    • The return of secret combinations under Shiblom highlights their destructive impact on Jaredite society. Such hidden societies are seen in both Jaredite and ancient Israelite contexts as threats to public order and morality, undermining trust and stability.

• Divine Justice and Societal Accountability:

  • The cycles of prosperity and suffering in Ether 10 demonstrate divine justice at work. When the Jaredites follow God, they are blessed, but when they abandon righteousness, they suffer the consequences of their choices.

• Leadership Integrity as a Foundation for Societal Prosperity:

  • The influence of kings in Ether 10 underscores the idea that the moral integrity of leaders directly impacts the well-being of society. Righteous leaders foster environments where people prosper, while corrupt rulers bring suffering, aligning with biblical themes where leadership reflects either divine blessing or judgment.

• Archeological Insights:

  • Archaeology, Relics, and Book of Mormon Belief

  • Metals in the Book of Mormon

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 10
Verses 1-4: Righteous Reign of Shez
Shez Rebuilds the Kingdom: After a period of turmoil and destruction, Shez, a descendant of Heth, becomes king. He rebuilds the kingdom and fosters peace, restoring order and prosperity. His reign is marked by righteousness, and he leads the people back to God. However, Shez also faces tragedy, when his son rebels against him and ultimately dies at the hand of a robber. Legacy of Righteous Leadership: Shez’s righteous rule, in spite of his hardships, brings peace and stability, and the people prosper under his guidance. His reign exemplifies the positive impact of a righteous leader on societal well-being.	Prosperity Hebrew word: שָׁלוֹם (Shalom) — "Peace," "wholeness," "prosperity." Shalom conveys a sense of well-being, peace, and prosperity that encompasses spiritual, physical, and social dimensions. Righteous kings bring shalom to the kingdom, leading to holistic prosperity. In Hebrew thought, shalom is not merely the absence of conflict but a state of harmony that comes from living in alignment with God’s will.
Verses 5-8: Corruption and Repentance under Riplakish	Why Did Riplakish Construct a Beautiful Throne?
Riplakish’s Tyranny: Riplakish, another son of Shez, ascends the throne and reigns in wickedness. His oppressive rule includes immoral sexual and marital behavior, heavy taxation, forced labor, and various abuses of power. His actions lead to widespread discontent among the people. Rebellion and Overthrow: The people eventually rise against Riplakish, overthrowing him due to his oppressive policies. His downfall highlights the consequences of tyranny and the rejection of unrighteous leadership.	Oppression Hebrew word: עָשָׁק (Ashaq) — "Oppression," "injustice." Ashaq refers to oppression or exploitation, often by those in power. Riplakish’s reign is marked by ashaq as he burdens the people with taxes and forced labor. This term is frequently associated with the abuse of authority, contrasting with the righteous rule that brings justice and peace.
Verses 9-13: Reign of Morianton and Return to Righteousness
Morianton’s Redemption and Reign: Following Riplakish’s fall, Morianton, a descendant of Riplakish, gathers and army of outcasts and ascends the throne. Despite his predecessor’s wickedness, Morianton establishes a righteous rule, promoting peace, economic growth, and moral integrity. Prosperity under Morianton: Morianton’s leadership brings prosperity to the kingdom. His reign illustrates the possibility of redemption and positive change, even after a period of corruption.
Verses 14-16: Rise and Fall of Kim
Kim’s Corruption: Kim, a son of Morianton, follows in his father’s footsteps initially but later turns to wickedness. His reign becomes oppressive, leading to rebellion and the eventual loss of his throne, when it is taken by his brother. Cycle of Rebellion: Kim’s actions revive the cycle of rebellion and instability, reinforcing the pattern seen throughout Jaredite history where wicked leadership leads to social and political strife.
Verses 17-35: Prosperity under Righteous rule of Levi and several of his descendants, Decline under the Corruption of Com
Levi’s Righteous Reign: Levi, a descendant of Kim, emerges as a righteous leader who brings the people back to God and reestablishes peace. His rule leads to a period of spiritual and material prosperity, demonstrating the blessings of righteous governance. Com's Corruption: Com, a later descendant of Levi, falls into corruption, repeating the cycle. His reign is marked by moral decay, the return of robbers, secret combinations, and societal unrest, illustrating the instability brought on by departing from righteousness.
Verses 34-27: Righteous Leadership of Com and Wickedness of Shiblom
Com’s Righteous Influence: Com ascends as a righteous king, bringing justice and spiritual renewal to the people. Under his leadership, the kingdom once again prospers, underscoring the pattern of peace under moral leadership. Rise of Secret Combinations under Shiblom: Shiblom, a descendant of Com, succumbs to wickedness and allows the return of secret combinations within the kingdom. These secret societies lead to widespread violence and destabilize the kingdom, showcasing the societal dangers of corruption and hidden conspiracies.	Judgment Hebrew word: מִשְׁפָּט (Mishpat) — "Judgment," "justice." Mishpat represents both legal judgment and divine justice. Ether 10 illustrates mishpat as the kingdom experiences both prosperity and suffering based on their leaders’ righteousness or wickedness. In rejecting God’s justice, the people bring upon themselves divine judgments and societal decay.

Ether 11

Ether 11 continues the narrative of the Jaredite monarchy, showing a tragic decline as wickedness and corruption become more entrenched in society. This chapter highlights the increasing influence of secret combinations and the people’s widespread rejection of prophets, leading to societal instability and eventual captivity. Despite the efforts of a few righteous kings and prophets who call the people to repentance, the Jaredites persist in their wickedness. Ether 11 illustrates the consequences of ignoring divine warnings and rejecting prophetic counsel, as the Jaredite society spirals toward destruction.

References and Cultural Contexts for Investigation, Contemplation, and Discussion:

• Consequences of Ignoring Prophetic Warnings:

  • Ether 11 emphasizes that ignoring divine warnings brings severe consequences, both individually and collectively. The Jaredites’ consistent rejection of the prophets leads to judgments like famine, captivity, and political instability, reflecting the outcome of turning away from God.

• Cycles of Righteousness and Wickedness in Leadership:

  • The chapter highlights the effects of both righteous and wicked leadership. Righteous kings like Com and Shez bring temporary peace and prosperity, while wicked leaders like Heth and Riplakish usher in oppression, instability, and suffering.

• Divine Judgments as Calls to Repentance:

  • God’s use of famine and pestilence serves as a form of correction, meant to humble the people and encourage repentance. These judgments highlight that even in His justice, God seeks to bring His people back to righteousness.

• Moral Decay and Societal Collapse:

  • Ether 11 illustrates the relationship between moral decay and societal instability. As the Jaredites reject righteousness, their society falls into cycles of war, captivity, and division, underscoring the importance of collective morality in maintaining social stability.

• Linguistic & Literary Observations:

  • Getting Cain and Gain

  • Conjectural Emendation and the Text of the Book of Mormon

• Archeological Insights:

  • Archaeological Trends and Book of Mormon Origins

  • Plausible Locations of the Final Battles

Major Topics/ Themes	​Cross-References, Videos & Resources
Ether 11
Verses 1-4: Prophets Warn the People
Prophetic Warnings: Prophets are sent to the Jaredites, warning them to repent or face destruction. They call for repentance to avoid calamity, but the people reject their messages. Cycle of Rejection: The people’s dismissal of the prophets illustrates a recurring theme in Jaredite history: the rejection of divine counsel. This rejection will lead to further suffering as society turns away from God’s commandments.
Verses 5-9: The Reign of Righteous and Wicked Kings
Reign of Shiblom: Shiblom ascends to the throne and attempts to bring the people back to righteousness. His brother leads a rebellion, ordering the death of the prophets and those who are not loyal to him. War: War breaks out, the land is cursed and many die. Shiblon is killed and his son Seth is taken captive.
Verses 10-19: Wickedness Continues
A Series of Unrighteous Kings Hardened Hearts:Divine Judgments: Because of the people’s persistent wickedness, the prophets mourned and withdraw from service.
Verses 20: Prophets Return to Issue Dire Warnings.
Repent of face Complete Destruction: Prophets warn that impending destruction awaits and that if the people do not repent, God would bring forth another people to possess the land.
Verses 20-23: Prophets Warn of Imminent Destruction
Renewed Call to Repentance: More prophets are sent to warn the people, urging them to abandon their sins and turn back to God. The prophets warn that continued wickedness will lead to the entire nation’s destruction. Persistent Rejection: The people reject the prophets once again, choosing to remain in their wickedness. Their disregard for prophetic warnings signals their spiritual hardening and foreshadows impending disaster.

Church Videos & Resources

• 3 Nephi - Moroni Talks and References

• This Month in Come Follow Me

• Games, Stories, & Activities for Kids

• Book of Mormon Videos Images

• Support Articles and Activities

  
  

Scripture Central

• Study Guide The study guide with the Reading Plan is now up under the Scripture Central Podcast Materials

BYU’s RSC

Light in Our Vessels: Faith, Hope, and Charity

Zion, Zion, Zion: Keys to Understanding Ether 13